Content: Introduction The social essence of labor, its essence and content Structure of work Jobs The Basis For The Functioning And Development Of Society The influence of labor on the development of society Conclusion Introduction

The concept of labor
The main historically primary activity of man is labor. Jobs is characterized as the conscious purposeful activity of man, the result of which is contained in his imagination and regulated by the will in accordance with the goal. In this regard, K. Marx wrote that labor is exclusively the property of man. The spider performs operations resembling the work of a weaver; The bee, building its wax cells, is like an architect. But the worst architect differs from the best bee in that, before building a cell of wax, he had already built it in his head. In the process of labor, not only one or another product of the labor activity of the subject is produced, but also the subject itself is formed. In labor activity, from the ability and principles of the worldview will be developed. In its objective social essence, labor is an activity aimed at creating a socially useful product. It involves the implementation of a specific task, so it requires planning, control of execution, discipline. 
Jobsare carried out not because of the attractiveness of the process of activity itself, but for the sake of its more or less distant result, which serves to satisfy human needs. In connection with the social division of labor, the motive of human activity is not the product of his activity, but the activity of many other people - the product of social activity. Each type of work has its own more or less complex technique that must be mastered. Therefore, knowledge and skills play a role. a significant role in any work. Knowledge is most important in complex intellectual types of work, skills - in work, which is characterized by monotony and pattern of operations. jobs are the main source of human development, its basic need. However, depending on the specifics of social conditions, work can be perceived as a duty, a heavy necessity. Therefore, in labor, it is important not only the technique of labor, but also the attitude of a person to work, the main motives of labor activity. The role of the worker is one of the main roles in the social system. Society should stimulate the employee to improve economic, by legal, ideological, and other means, but how these incentives work is crucially up to the individual.
Improving the personality of the worker is a systematic process. This sequence is most clearly manifested today, in connection with the transition to a new information and computer technological method of production and, accordingly, to a new stage in the development of civilization. From the employee, in particular, is required not only a high level of general education and professional training, but also, as sociologists note, a high moral and ethical level. The latter requirement becomes relevant in connection with the increase in creative aspects in the labor activity of a person and the increasing importance of self-control and self-discipline of a working person. Thus, labor is a fundamental form of human activity, in the process of which the entire set of objects necessary for him to meet his needs is created.
Structure of work
Any labor process presupposes the presence of the object of labor, the means of labor and labor itself as an activity to give the object of labor the properties necessary for a person. Objects of labor are all that labor is aimed at, that undergoes changes in order to acquire useful properties and thereby satisfy human needs. The means of labor are what a person uses to influence the objects of labor. These include machinery, machinery, tools, fixtures and other tools, as well as buildings and structures that create the necessary conditions for the effective use of these tools. The means of production are the totality of the means of labor and the objects of labor. Technology is a way of influencing objects of labor, the order of using tools. As a result of the completion of the labor process, the products of labor are formed - substances of nature, objects or other objects that have the necessary properties and are adapted to human needs.





The mainforms of manifestation of labor are: - the consumption of human energy. This is the psychophysiological side of the work, which is expressed in the expenditure of energy of muscles, brain, nerves and sensory organs. Human energy costs are determined by the severity of childbirth and the level of neuro-mental stress; they form such states as overwork and overwork. Performance, health and development of a person depend on the level of energy expenditure of a person. - Interaction of the worker with the means of production - objects and means of labor. This is the organizational and technological aspect of the work. It is determined by the level of technical equipment of labor, the degree of its mechanization and automation, the perfection of technology, the organization of the workplace, the qualifications of the employee, his experience, the methods and methods of work used by him, etc. Organizational and technological parameters of activity impose requirements on the special training of workers, on the level of their qualifications. 
The production interaction of employees with each other both horizontally (the ratio of complexity in a single labor process) and vertically (the relationship between the manager and the subordinate) determines the organizational and economic side of labor activity. It depends on the level of division and cooperation of labor, on the form of labor organization - individual or collective, on the number of employees, on the organizational and legal form of the enterprise (institution). The nature of labor reflects mainly its social essence, according to which labor is always social. However, social labor consists of the labor of individuals, and in different socio-economic formations the ratio between individual and social labor is different, which determines the nature of labor. It expresses the socio-economic way of connecting workers to the means of labor, that is, the process of interaction between a person and society and depends on who a person works for. The nature of labor is determined by the characteristics of the relations of production in which labor is carried out and expresses the degree of their development. It reflects the socio-economic situation of workers in social production, the relationship between the labor of all societies and the labor of each individual worker. But social forms of labor are determined by the type of relations of production and are different in different social formations. As for the nature of the work, its content is more specific. The content of labor depends on what a person does and what tools are used for this, what functions he performs and how they are combined, what efforts (physical or mental) prevail. Jobs of different content requires workers of different levels of professional knowledge, varying degrees of participation in the management of the production process, different levels of general culture, which is reflected in the structure of their needs. Differences in the content of labor generate differences in the qualifications of workers, affect their attitude to work, the level of labor activity. Enrichment of the content of labor, improvement of its conditions facilitate the work of a person, create for him emotional and intellectual stimulus, thereby increasing his productivity and job satisfaction, contribute to the development of the individual.
Depending on the differences in content, the work is divided into: - creative and reproductive (stereotypical), - physical and mental, - simple and complex, - executive and organizational (managerial), - self-organized and regulated. Creativity involves the constant search for new solutions, new settings of tasks, active variation of functions, independence and uniqueness of movement to the desired result. In reproductive labor, the functions are repeated, remain stable, almost unchanged, that is, its feature is repetitive (stereotypical) methods of achieving the result.
If creativity is characterized by the receipt of something qualitatively new, which has never happened before, then reproductive activity is reduced to obtaining a standard result. Physical labor is characterized by direct interaction of a person with the means of labor, his direct participation in the technological process. Mental labor includes informational, logical, generalizing and creative elements, is characterized by the absence of direct interaction of the worker with the means of production and provides the needs of production in knowledge, organization and management. The work of an unskilled employee is simple. The work of an employee with qualifications is difficult, that is, qualified work associated with additional costs for training and educating a qualified employee.
The determining factor in changing the content of labor, eliminating its socio-economic differences is scientific and technological progress (STP), which is manifested in production as a result of its mechanization and automation. At the same time, the structure of labor actions changes, the independence and responsibility of labor actions of workers increases, the consumption of muscle energy decreases, the consumption of nervous and mental energy, the proportion of complex, skilled labor, its attractiveness and attractiveness increases. meaningfulness increases. Technical innovations of our time create a real basis for solving the most important social problems - the liberation of a person from the direct production process, overcoming significant differences between mental and physical labor. The purpose of developing new equipment and technologies for a long time was to achieve only higher technical and economic indicators. Shortcomings in the management of scientific and technological progress sometimes led to the impoverishment of the content of labor and the deterioration of working conditions. In modern conditions, the management of scientific and technological progress involves forecasting its social results and achieving systematically set social parameters of production.
When drawing up plans for the introduction of a new technology, it is necessary to simultaneously plan the training of personnel capable of working with it, since workers who were previously engaged in manual labor are often unable or unwilling to work in newly emerging workplaces without appropriate training. The growing intellectualization of labor does not always receive a positive assessment from workers, since the introduction of new technologies, as a rule, is associated with increased neuro-mental stress, increased responsibility and strict discipline. Thus, what is needed is not a simple renewal of production, but one that would give, together with the greatest economic and social effect. This means that reconstruction should be accompanied not only by the elimination of manual, monotonous physical hard labor, but also by the choice of technical areas that would improve working conditions, expand the scope of skilled and reduce unskilled, heavy and harmful labor, training and retraining of personnel, creation of jobs with intellectual loads that allow to reveal the creative potential of a person.
jobs - the basis for the functioning and development of society