Contents: introduction 2

Translation of proverbs

Contents:

INTRODUCTION 2
CHAPTER I. PROVERB AND THE PROBLEMS OF JEAN RIVA OF METAL FOLK ORAL CREATIVITY. 5
1.1. Proverbs and sayings as a genre of folk oral creativity 5
1.2. Problems of identification of Proverbs and sayings 10
CHAPTER II. THE RATIO OF ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS 16
2.1. The ratio of English and Russian proverbs and sayings 16
2.2. Practical application of the rules for translating English proverbs and sayings into Russian 20
CONCLUSION 33
LIST OF USED LITERATURE: 34

INTRODUCTION

It has long been noted that the wisdom and spirit of the people are manifested in their proverbs and sayings, and knowledge of proverbs and sayings of a particular people contributes not only to a better knowledge of the language, but also to a better understanding of the mindset and character of the people.
Comparison of proverbs and sayings of different peoples shows how much these peoples have in common, which, in turn, contributes to their better mutual understanding and rapprochement. Proverbs and sayings reflect the rich historical experience of the people, ideas related to work, life and culture of people. The correct and appropriate use of proverbs and sayings gives speech a unique originality and special expressiveness¹.
So, the topic of this course work: “Proverbs and sayings. their adequate translation. The purpose of this course work is to find a connection between English and Russian sayings and proverbs, point out the difficulties that arise when translating English proverbs and sayings into Russian, and also demonstrate ways to resolve these difficulties.
Using this or that proverb in a specific situation, the speaker seeks to confirm and emphasize the essence of what was said. Such accents are inevitable at any time, respectively, proverbs and sayings have been and will be in our speech. It follows that in any case, the translator must be able to translate them correctly, to convey their meaning to the audience. This is the relevance of my work.
In the course of working on this coursework, I conducted a study and analysis of about 100 English proverbs and sayings. My work includes not only proverbs and sayings that are widely used in modern speech. When selecting proverbs and sayings, their figurativeness was also taken into account, the fact that N.V. Gogol called the "image of expression."
It should be noted that many English and Russian proverbs and sayings have multiple meanings, which makes them difficult to interpret and compare. When selecting Russian correspondences of an English proverb, the obligatory criterion was the coincidence of one of the meanings (as a rule, the main one). Nevertheless, it is important to remember that, taking shape in different historical conditions, English and Russian sayings and proverbs often used different images to express the same or similar thoughts, which, in turn, reflect the different social structure and way of life of the two peoples and are often not absolute equivalents.
It is also important that in every language there are phrases and expressions that cannot be taken literally, even if the meaning of each word is known and the grammatical construction is clear. The meaning of this phrase remains incomprehensible and strange. Attempts to literally translate proverbs and sayings can lead to unexpected, often ridiculous results. For example, the English phrase "not room to swing a cat" (literally: "there is no place to swing a cat") corresponds to the Russian expression "there is nowhere for an apple to fall"; “and carry coals to Newcastle” (literally: “carry coal to Newcastle”) corresponds to the Russian proverb “to go to Tula with your samovar” (because Newcastle is the center of the English coal industry)².
So, as the main objectives of this course work, I have identified the following points:
1. to establish the reasons for the difficulties in translating English proverbs and sayings into Russian;
2. demonstrate the connection between the cultures of the two peoples in their proverbs and sayings;
3. show ways to resolve translation difficulties (i.e., derive rules for translating proverbs and sayings)
In the process of preparing this course work, I used the following literature: “English and Russian Proverbs and Sayings” by M.I. Dubrovina, "Russian-English Dictionary of Proverbs and Sayings" by S.S. Kuzmin and N.L. Shadrin, "English-Russian Phraseological Dictionary" A.V. Kunin and other manuals for the translation of phraseological units in general and proverbs and sayings in particular.

CHAPTER I. PROVERB AND THE PROBLEMS OF JEAN RIVA OF METAL FOLK ORAL CREATIVITY.

1.1. Proverbs and sayings as a genre of folk oral creativity
Proverbs and sayings are a widespread genre of oral folk art. They have been accompanying people since ancient times. Such expressive means as precise rhyme, simple form, brevity, made proverbs and sayings persistent, memorable and necessary in speech³.
Proverbs and sayings are an ancient genre of folk art. They originated in ancient times, and have their roots deep into the centuries. Many of them appeared even when there was no written language. Therefore, the question of primary sources is still open. We can single out the following main sources of English proverbs and sayings: folk, literary, biblical origin, borrowing and use of Shakespeare's quotations as proverbs and sayings.
Proverbs should be distinguished from sayings. The main feature of the proverb is its completeness and didactic content. The proverb is distinguished by the incompleteness of the conclusion, the lack of an instructive character. Usually, expressions such as:
When pigs can fly. (Russian "when the cancer hangs on the mountain")
When two Sundays come together. ("when the moon meets the sun")
Sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish a proverb from a saying or draw a clear line between these genres. A proverb borders on a proverb, and if one word is added to it or the word order is changed, the proverb becomes a proverb. In oral speech, sayings often become proverbs, and proverbs - sayings.
Noteworthy are those expressive means by which the persistence or memorability of proverbs and sayings is achieved. One such means is exact or assonant rhyme:
Little strokes fell great oaks
A stitch in time saves nine.
A simple balanced form of proverbs and sayings is the most commonly used technique, for example:
More haste, less speed
Easy come, easy go
Like father, like son.
Brevity is an essential aspect of memorable utterances. Only very few proverbs and sayings are wordy, most of them contain no more than five words:
Boys will be boys.
Dead men tell no tales.
Better late than never.
Practice makes perfect.