Contents Introduction chapter I. Fonemaning til birligi sifatida tadqiqi

Pin – sin | the meaning is different so the opposed sounds belong to different phonemes.
P(h)in – pin | the meaning is the same so the opposed sounds belong to the same phoneme.
Pin – hin | we have a meaningless word, so we can’t make any conclusion about the phonemic status of the second sound, we can’t identify it.
The phoneme is realized in speech as a set of predictable speech sounds – allophones.
The difference between allophones is the result of the difference of the phonetic context (neighbouring sounds)
Признаки аллофонов:
- possess similar articulatory features, but they may show phonetic differences.
- They never occur in the same phonetic context
- Are not able to differentiate the meaning.
Principle allophone – the allophone which doesn’t undergo any changes in the chain of speech, it’s closest to the sound in isolation.
In subsidiary allophones we observe predictable changes under the influence of the phonetic context.
[d] Dog, doctor – principle allophone
Subsidiary:
Did (1-slightly palatalized; 2- partially devoiced), good day (loss of plosion), sudden (nasal plosion), middle (lateral plosion), dry (post alveolar)
The actually pronounced sound that we hear reflects phonostylistic, regional, occasional and individual peculiarities, it is called the phone.
Here we can say about phonological and phonetic mistakes.
5.Which phonetic style could be used for the oral presentation of the text? Comment on the extralinguistic factors which determine the prosodic characteristics of the text.
As we know, the most important style forming factor is the purpose (aim) of communication.
According to this factor, we distinguish 5 phonetic styles:
1. Informational style
2. Academic style
3. Publicistic style
4. Declamatory style
5. Conversational style
I think that the best way to present this particular text is academic style.
David Crystal is a prominent linguist and lecturer.
Academic style is the most appropriate. The purpose – to inform, instruct, to debate ideas.

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