Contents Introduction I. Cognitive principle of foregrounding in the literary texts

Glossary
Foregrounding – it is a concept in literary studies concerning making a linguistic utterance (word, clause, phrase, phoneme, etc.) stand out from the surrounding linguistic context, from given literary traditions or from more general world knowledge.
A literary text - is a piece of writing, such as a book or poem, that has the purpose of telling a story or entertaining, as in a fictional novel. Its primary function as a text is usually aesthetic, but it may also contain political messages or beliefs.
Fictional text- literary works invented by the imagination, such as novels or short stories
Phraseological unit - The term phraseological unit (henceforth PhU) is an umbrella term that encompasses all multi-word units of the language whose meaning is not compositional, i.e. not retrieved or decoded as the addition of the meanings of each of their constituent parts.
IDIOM - a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (e.g. over the moon, see the light ).
National-cultural specificity - the sources of national-cultural specificity of the meaning of words are words expressing geographical concepts, cultural and historical terms, names of realities specific to the culture and life of a given people, relationship of kinship, nomenclature of clothes and parts of the human body.
Formal linguistics - Approaches to modelling language that posit explicit mechanical devices or procedures operating on theoretical primitives in order to produce the complete set of linguistic possibilities in a given language.
Joint attention frame - The common ground that facilitates understanding of a communicative intention, established as a consequence of a particular goal directed activity.
Cognition - Relates to all aspects of conscious and unconscious mental function. In particular, cognition constitutes the mental events (mechanisms and processes) and knowledge involved in a whole host of tasks ranging from ‘low-level’ object perception to ‘highlevel’ decision-making tasks.