Linguistic dictionaries - Linguistic dictionaries are word-books the subiect-matter of which is lexical units and their linguistic properties: pronunciation, definition, meaning, origin and other linguistic information.
- Linguistic dictionaries describe vocabulary units, their semantic structure, their origin and their usage; words are usually given in the alphabetical order. Words can be listed with etymologies or with their equivalents in another language (or other languages).
nature of the word-list: - general - contain lexical units in ordinary use with this or that proportion of items from various spheres of life;
- restricted - contain lexical units from a certain part of the word-stock (terminological, phraseological, dialectal, etc.).
General - General
- Explanatory
- Parallel
- Specialized
- Synonyms
- Antonyms
- Neologisms
- Slang
- Pronouncing
- Phraseological
- Collocations
- Word-frequency
Types of linguistic dictionaries Criteria for classification: - The nature (scope) of word lists: general (unrestricted) and restricted dictionaries.
- The kind of information: explanatory vs. specialized (pronouncing, etymological, ideographic dictionaries, etc).
- The language in which the information is given: monolingual vs. bilingual dictionaries.
- The prospective user, eg. advanced learners of English; children, students, etc.
- Diachronic vs. synchronic
- Hard vs. soft dictionaries
According to the nature of the word-list Restricted Unrestricted - general both in word-list and in the information they contain
according to the information given about each item General - Presenting a wide range of data about the vocabulary items in ordinary use
- explanatory dictionaries and parallel or translation dictionaries
specialized dictionaries - restricting themselves to one particular aspect
- dictionaries of synonyms dictionaries of slang etymological dictionaries pronouncing dictionaries
Specialized dictionaries deal with lexical units only in relation to some of their characteristics, e.g. only in relation to their etymology or frequency, pronunciation, usage. - Specialized dictionaries deal with lexical units only in relation to some of their characteristics, e.g. only in relation to their etymology or frequency, pronunciation, usage.
- Dictionaries of abbreviations, synonyms, antonyms, borrowings, proverbs, toponyms, slangs and dialects give the specific characteristics and description of the lexical units. For example, Dictionaries of American English Dialect and Slang Words, Dictionaries of Old English and Middle English with explanations in Modern English, Dictionary of Homonyms and Paronyms.
They are useful for a special group of people (e.g. children/Advanced learners). Useful for special fields of knowledge (e.g. medicine/ computer sciences/ chemistry).Or - They are useful for a special group of people (e.g. children/Advanced learners). Useful for special fields of knowledge (e.g. medicine/ computer sciences/ chemistry).Or
- They concentrate on one part of language (e.g. idioms /abbreviations)
- Translating between different varieties of one language (e.g. British -American) Having a special organization (thesaurus: a dictionary listing words with all their synonyms (i.e. words with similar meaning).
Biographical Dictionary - Biographical dictionaries are used to find information about famous people.
- They usually contain brief facts about the person's life such as: birthdate, major accomplishments and events that have made the person famous.
- If you wish to find MORE information, you will need to go elsewhere.
- More English words begin with the letter "S" than any other letter of the alphabet.
- "I” is the oldest word in the English language.
- Approximately one new word is added to the English language every two hours. The dictionary grows by about 4,000 words a year.
- The most common letter in English is "e".
- The most common vowel in English is "e", followed by "a".
- The most common consonant in English is "r", followed by "".
- Every syllable in English must have a vowel (sound). Not all syllables have consonants.
- The following sentence contains all 26 letters of the alphabet: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
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