Countries that are ruled by kings and queens Reading Focus

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• 1688, group of nobles invited James’s daughter Mary, husband William to become king, queen
• William and Mary both Protestants, lived in Netherlands
• James fled to France
• Parliament gave throne to William III, Mary II as joint rulers; transfer became known as the Glorious Revolution

• Glorious Revolution

• James II

• Bill of Rights central to England’s growth as Constitutional Monarchy, term for monarchy limited by law
• Document’s approval came after decades of dramatic changes in English government
• England had rejected concept of absolute monarch who ruled by divine right, for monarchy ruled by law

• Constitutional Monarchy

• With Glorious Revolution, Parliament had essentially crowned new king, queen
• More important, a document William and Mary had to sign before taking throne—the English Bill of Rights
• Document prevented monarch from levying taxes without consent of Parliament, among other provisions
• U.S. Bill of Rights based on this document

• Bill of Rights

• Changes in Government

• Describe
• What happened during the Glorious Revolution?

• Answer(s): William and Mary were given the English throne by Parliament.