Creation of a broadband network based on gpon technology qualification work of bachelor

PON technology. PON (Passive optical network) is a technology of passive optical networks.One of the main challenges facing modern telecommunication access networks is the so-called “last mile” problem, providing as much bandwidth as possible to individual and corporate subscribers at minimal cost. The essence of PON technology lies in the fact that a completely passive optical network with a tree topology is created between the transceiver module of the central OLT (Optical line terminal) and the remote subscriber nodes of the ONT (Optical network terminal). In the intermediate nodes of the tree, passive optical splitters (splitters) are placed - compact devices that do not require power and maintenance. One OLT transceiver module allows information to be transmitted to multiple ONT subscriber devices. The number of ONTs connected to one OLT can be as large as the power budget and the maximum speed of the transceiver equipment allow.

Table 1-Features of Metro Ethernet and PON technologies

Metro Ethernet	PON
Multiple intermediate nodes with active hardware between the operator node and subscribers	Fully passive network between the operator's node and subscribers
Need to protect and reserve equipment on intermediate active nodes	The need to calculate the optical budget when installing passive optical splitters

Continuation of table 1.2

The point of differentiation of areas of responsibility is an outlet with a connected cable at the subscriber's home	Point of differentiation of areas of responsibility - subscriber device ONU
Very time-consuming network management due to the usually extensive network of active nodes	Built-in management and monitoring mechanisms. Manage ONUS from a single center. The subscriber does not have access to the ONU
Cheapness of the solution due to the user's lack of a subscriber device	Higher cost of the solution due to the use of subscriber devices ONU
Easy installation	More complex installation
Technological limitations, such as the distance of 100 m from the active node to the subscriber	There are no special restrictions due to the use of fiber optic cable

As a result, the operator needs to make a decision on which technology will be more interesting for him in certain parameters. Nevertheless, PON technology seems more suitable for an operator with an extensive subscriber network and a variety of services.
According to most experts, the global market for passive optical networks will not grow too fast in the next three to four years. Mass adoption of PON will begin later, with the development of optical access networks in the public sector. A wide bandwidth of optical networks is required in various applications that transmit high-quality multimedia data streams, including in real time. These include distance learning systems (similar PON projects for schools have been implemented in the United States), video bridges (as types of video conferences with high-quality video and audio), video delivery on demand, and video surveillance systems. In particular, in the residential sector, you can install ONT equipment that converts a digital signal to an analog TV signal and distribute it to subscribers via coaxial cable, or broadcast broadcast video over the PON network on a different wavelength, adding a video signal from a cable TV studio or video server through a WDM multiplexer with video signal extraction from the subscriber using a demultiplexer/house amplifier. In Russia, alternative operators have limited access to the existing infrastructure, so they may be interested in developing their own fiber-optic networks that provide such a service, the cost of which is slightly different from the cost of copper.