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References
Hall, E.T. (1959) The Silent Language (New York: Random House).
Hall, E.T. (1976) Beyond Culture (New York: Random House).
Hall, E.T. and Hall, M.R. (1990) Understanding Cultural Differences: German, French and 
Americans (Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press).
Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in
Work- Related 
Values (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications).
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J. and Minkov, M. (2010) Cultures and Organizations. 
Software of the Mind. Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival, 3rd edn 
(New York: McGraw-Hill).
House, R.J., Hanges, P.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W. and Gupta, V. (eds) (2004) 
Culture, Leadership and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies (Thousand 
Oaks, CA: Sage Publications).
Nakata, C. (ed.) (2001) Beyond Hofstede: Culture Framework for Global Marketing and 
Management (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
Further reading
Bing, J. (2004) ‘Hofstede’s Consequences: The Impact of His Work on Consulting and 
Business Practices’, Academy of Management Executives 18(1): 80–7.
Blodgett, J. and Gregory, C. (2009) ‘A Test of the Validity of Hofstede’s Cultural 
Dimensions’, Journal of Consumer Marketing 25(6): 339–49.
Gudykunst, W.B. and Ting- Toomey, S. (1958) Culture and Interpersonal Communication 
(Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications).
Hall, E.T. (1976) Beyond Culture (New York: Doubleday).
Hofstede, G. (1998) Masculinity and Femininity: The Taboo Dimensions of National 
Cultures (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications).
Hofstede, G. (2003) Culture’s Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviour, Institutions 
and Organisations Across Nations (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications).
Hofstede, G. and Bond, M.H. (1988) ‘The Confucius Connection: From Cultural 
Routes to Economic Growth’, Organizational Dynamics 16: 5–21.
Khan, H. (1979) World Economic Development: 1979 and Beyond (London: Croom 
Helm).
McSweeney, B. (2002) ‘Hofstede’s Model of National Cultural Differences and their 
Consequences: A Triumph of Faith – A Failure of Analysis’ Human Relations 55(1): 
89–118.
Soondergaard, M. (1994) ‘Hofstede’s Consequences: A Study of Reviews, Citations and 
Replications’, Organizational Studies 15(3): 447–50.



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Key Thinkers in Cross- Cultural 
Communication (2)