Cοurse paper Theme: Features of symbolism in the novels of Charles Dickens

CΟNCLUSIΟN
To sum up , it can be noted that in realism symbols are used no less often than in any other literary direction. The difference between the symbols will be only ideological. And as noted earlier, the essence of symbolism is historical, therefore, in each epoch the symbols will be “their own”. Dickens, we have come to the conclusion that he is not only one of the greatest realist writers, but also a symbolist writer who has achieved the greatest mastery of typing. A small number of symbols of this work (symbols of Domby and Fields, symbols of the sea and the railway, the symbol of the house), considered in the study, turned out to be sufficient to feel their “emotional” impact on the reader. The symbols created by the writer are realistic and imbued with the ideological features of the historical era when the novel was created. Charles Dickens managed to reflect the idea that the power of money is far from omnipotent in relationships with children and people, both ordinary and business partners, and in relationships in marriage. Neither love, nor respect, nor affection can be bought, and Dombey realizes this too late, only when he is completely alone. Using the example of this work, we see that the symbol of the house is not always warmth, comfort and beauty or something more spiritual. In our case, the house is a symbol of anxiety, discord with the world and oneself, a symbol of prudery and snobbery. ‌‌The writer warns, speaking through symbols, that collapse and loneliness are the lot of all prim, selfish people, all those who recognize only the power of money and measure everything with them. Symbols of Ch . Dickens is so accurately and realistically depicted that they carry not only the presence of the ideological imagery of that time, but cause a storm of emotions in the reader, which is achieved by the communicative function of symbols. At the same time, we note that the Dickensian symbols have not lost their relevance in our days. After all, there are countless “Mr.” Dombey’s living in our time, for whom money and position in society are more important than anything human. And now there are selfless “Florence” and little, unhappy boys so similar to the Fields. Of course, they are now slightly interpreted and modified in the XXI century, but their essence remains the same as in the XIX century.The topic of the thesis chosen by us was considered in theoretical and practical aspects. At the beginning of our work, we examined the origin and formation of the concept of symbol as a literary concept, its history with all its characteristics. In the second chapter, we consider the direct implementation of the concept of “symbol” in a literary work, using the example of a novel by the great English realist writer Ch.Dickens’ Dombey and Son, and it is noted that he is also a symbolist writer.

As a result of the completion of the final qualifying work, we made the following conclusions. In the course of considering the origin of the concept of symbol, we came to the conclusion that a symbol is an idea, image or object that has its own content and at the same time represents some other content in a generalized, non–expanded form. Speaking of an object symbol, we mean a specific object, a thing, a whole class of objects or a subject sphere of reality.

When studying the characteristics inherent in the symbol, we used the method of comparison and generalization. In comparison with the categories close to the symbol , the following main features characteristic of the symbol are well traced:
Emotionality;
Duplicity;
Ambiguity;
“...In short, the yet unfinished and unopened Railroad was in progress; and, from the very core of all this dire disorder, trailed smoothly away, upon its mighty course of civilization and improvement...”, “...He heard a shout another saw the face change from its vindictive passion to a faint sickness and terror felt the earth tremble knew in a moment that the rush was coming uttered a shriek looked round saw the red eyes, bleared and dim, in the daylight, close upon him was beaten down, caught up, and whirled away upon a jagged mill, that spun him round and round, and struck him limb from limb, and licked his stream of life up with its fiery heat, and cast his mutilated fragments in the air...”.

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  The presence of ideological imagery that creates a semantic perspective: the image of Mr Dombey is a symbol of arrogant capitalists of the Victorian era, who believe that the world revolves around them, that they rule the world if they have money. «…The earth was made for Dombey and Son to trade in, and the sun and moon were made to give them light. Rivers and seas were formed to float their ships; rainbows gave them promise of fair weather; winds blew for or against their enterprises; stars and planets circled in their orbits, to preserve inviolate a system of which they were the centre. Common abbreviations took new meanings in his eyes, and had sole reference to them. A. D. Had no concern with Anno Domini, but stood for anno Dombey—and Son…». It should be noted that the final essence of symbolism is historical, such as is given only in a certain historical epoch. Speaking about the functions of the symbol, we highlight one feature – their interaction, interweaving and “mutual assistance” to each other. But, however, in each case, one of them becomes dominant.‌‌ The main functions of the symbol are: emotive (the symbol expresses the state of mind of the one who uses it), orektic (serves to excite certain desires and feelings), social, communicative, characterological, aesthetic, epistemological, magical, representative and structure-forming. Symbols also help to penetrate into the essence of hidden phenomena, they expand the meaning, meaning of an ordinary word, logical definition and concept, which naturally leads to the expansion of artistic impressionability and reflection of the author’s worldview. Symbols enrich the artwork, give the images depth and suggestibility. Having analyzed the historical situation in which Ch. Lived and worked. Dickens, it can be noted that some phenomena of this era are reflected in his novel Dombey and Son. In his work, he achieves high mastery of typing and by means of symbols. We find a reflection of the historical epoch in this literary work, which allows us to call Dickens a symbolist writer. Symbols of Ch . Dickens is so accurately and realistically depicted, as they carry not only the presence of the ideological imagery of that time, but also cause a storm of emotions in the reader, which is achieved by the communicative function of symbols. At the same time, we note that the Dickensian symbols have not lost their relevance in our days. After all, there are countless “Mr.” Dombey’s living in our time, for whom money and position in society are more important than anything human. And now there are selfless “Florence” and little, unhappy boys so similar to the Fields. Of course, they are now slightly interpreted and modified in the XXI century, but their essence remains the same as in the XIX century. The symbol of the house to this day has innumerable meanings, and everyone will have it their own. The houses also reflect the inner essence of the owner, and the interior situation will no less eloquently tell about its “tenant”.When creating your own character images, Ch. Dickens turns to various artistic techniques: realistic description, exaggeration, grotesque, contrast, metaphors, typification, etc., which, interacting with each other, determined the style of the writer.