D. V. Demidov

parts of speech. As for their individual forms as such, they are 
simply presented by the list, since the number of these words is 
limited, so that they needn't be identified on any general, 
operational scheme. 
To the basic functional series of words in English belong 
the article, the preposition, the conjunction, the particle, the modal 
word, the interjection. 
The article expresses the specific limitation of the 
substantive functions. 
The preposition expresses 
the dependencies and 
interdependences of substantive referents.
The conjunction expresses connections of phenomena.
The particle unites the functional words of specifying and 
limiting meaning. To this series, alongside of other specifying 

---

51 
words, should be referred verbal postpositions as functional 
modifiers of verbs, etc. 
The modal word, occupying in the sentence a more 
pronounced or less pronounced detached position, expresses the 
attitude of the speaker to the reflected situation and its parts. Here 
belong the functional words of probability (probably, perhaps, 
etc.), of qualitative evaluation (fortunately, unfortunately, luckily,  
etc.), and also of affirmation and negation. 
The interjection, occupying a detached position in the 
sentence, is a signal of emotions. 
5. Parts of speech subcategorisation.
Each part of speech after its identification is further 
subdivided into subseries in accord with various particular 
semantico- functional and formal features of the constituent words. 
This subdivision is sometimes called ―subcategorisation‖ of parts 
of speech. 
Thus, nouns are subcategorised into proper and common, 
animate and inanimate, countable and uncountable, concrete and 
abstract, etc. E.g.: 
Mary, Robinson, London, the Mississippi, Lake Erie – girl, 
person, city, river, lake; 
man, scholar, leopard, butterfly – earth, field, rose, machine; 
coin/coins, floor/floors, kind/kinds – news, growth, water, 
furniture; 
stone, grain, mist, leaf – honesty, love, slavery, darkness.
Verbs are subcategorised into fully predicative and