Degree of Master of

Different streams of planning: urban planning, housing, transportation planning architectural conservation, urban design, landscape;

Street Network Based Application: it is an addressed matched application, vehicle routing and scheduling: location and site selection and disaster planning;

Natural Resource Based Application: management and environmental impact analysis of wild and scenic recreational resources, flood plain, wetlands, aquifers, forests, and wildlife;

View Shed Analysis: hazardous or toxic factories, siting and ground water modelling, wild life habitat study and migration route planning;

Land Parcel Based: zoning, sub-division plans review, land acquisition, environment impact analysis, nature quality management and maintenance;

Facilities Management: location of underground pipes and cables for maintenance, planning, tracking energy use (Shahab 2008).

There are a huge variety of environmental projects assisted by various GIS (Tomlinson 2007). GIS are broadly applied in investigation of meteorological and hydrological issues; research of land use and water management, climate change and biodiversity y as well as in socio-economic sphere, i.e. demography, transport and industry sectors and others (Davis 2001). Let us list some interesting examples of projects assisted by different variations of GIS technologies. They are:

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  “GIS-based decision support system for regional eco-security assessment and its application on the Tibetan Plateau” in Journal of Environmental Management (Xiaodan, Xianghao et al.);
  
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  CEU eTD Collection
  “Linking conceptual and simulation models of the Cooum River: collaborative development of a GIS-based DSS for environmental management” in Computers, Environment and Urban Systems (Bunch and Dudycha 2004);
  
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  “An integrated GIS-based analysis system for land-use management of lake areas in urban fringe” in Landscape and Urban Planning (Liu, Lv et al. 2007);
  
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  “A GIS-based model to estimate the regionally distributed drought water demand” in
  

Agricultural Water Management (Satti and Jacobs 2004);

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  “GIS tool for hydrogeological water balance evaluation on a regional scale in semi- arid environments” in Computers & Geosciences (Portoghese, Uricchio et al. 2005);
  
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  “Application of a GIS-based simulation tool to illustrate implications of uncertainties for water management in the Amudarya river delta” in Environmental Modeling and Software (Schluter and Roger 2007);
  
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  Assessing water quality management options in the Upper Litani Basin, Lebanon, using an integrated GIS-based decision support system” in Environmental Modeling & Software (Assaf and Saadeh 2006).
  

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