Demand-oriented biogas production and biogas storage in digestate by flexibly feeding a full-scale biogas plant
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Fig. 5. Time to reach the maximum biogas production. Generally, higher
mixing times lead to a faster biogas production. However, no influence of the viscosity was observed. B. Ohnmacht et al. Bioresource Technology 332 (2021) 125099 8 density compared to maize silage and to the digestate, grain tends to sink to the digester’s bottom where it is only gradually available for the microogransims ( Cioabla et al., 2017; Lindmark et al., 2014b ). However, other researchers found that the biogas kinetics are hardly influenced by different mixing setting ( Lindmark et al., 2014a ) or even enhanced by decreasing the mixing times ( Kowalczyk et al., 2013 ). This divergence may be explained by the differing feeding procedure in our experiments. By suddenly adding the entire daily ration, additional mechanical limitations can emerge which are not present at moderate feeding rates. The high shock dosage can lead to conglomerations in separated zones in the digestate that mainly consist of undegraded substrate. Further, the formation of sinking and floating layers can occur having an influence on the biogas production rate ( Ong et al., 2002 ). Thus, by increasing the mixing times, these physical limitations can be overcome, which subsequently leads to a faster biogas production. It might be assumed that the influences of the rheology and mixing become more and more an issue when shifting from continuous feeding to the flexible operation mode. Further research is necessary to find out if an optimum of the biogas production rate with regard to the mixing time exists at sudden high loading rates. Further factors influencing the biogas process exist ( Bajpai, 2017; Hülsemann et al., 2020 ): Among others, OLR, HRT, temperature, pH- value, VFAs levels, trace elements concentrations, inhibitors and microbiome were identified, whereat feeding dynamically affects most of them. Some researchers report that the dynamic operation mode is more vulnerable to process disturbances ( Svensson et al., 2018 ). Contrarily, others observed no severe dysfunctions or even an increase in digester’s performance compared to continuous feeding ( Bonk et al., 2018 ). In this research, the influence of mixing and viscosity on the biogas production at thermophilic conditions was investigated. It is, however, likely that mixing and viscosity might affect some of the other param- eters, or vice versa. On the one hand, this limits, therefore, the gener- alization of the findings in this study. On the other hand, it shows once more the multidimensional nature of AD. Future research should, therefore, consider as many controlled effectors as possible and put them into context. 3.4. Methane yield The methane yield, Y CH 4 , was evaluated separatly for the two trial blocks. In the first block, Y I CH 4 was determined to 412 l kg − 1 ± 94 l kg − 1 and in the second one, Y II CH 4 was determined to 452 l kg − 1 ± 132 l kg − 1 . No significant influence of the rheology on the methane yield could be derived from the measurement data. This is in accordance with other research ( Lindmark et al., 2014b; Karim et al., 2005; Ohnmacht et al., 2020; Ong et al., 2002 ) where it was also observed that methane yield was not or only weakly influenced by mixing. Besides the high un- certainties in the data, no statement about the influence of the rheology on Y CH 4 can be derived from the measurements for the following reason: the additionally added liquid manure with its essential trace elements could have led to an enhancement of the biogas process in the second block which subsequently results in a higher apparent methane yield. This is way future work should be accompanied by periodic measure- ments of the trace element concentration. Download 1.63 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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