Demand-oriented biogas production and biogas storage in digestate by flexibly feeding a full-scale biogas plant
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Fig. 3. Data of the conducted viscosity measurements obtained from the tube
viscosimeter (diameter: DN80, length: 4 m, flow rate: 3.6 m 3 h − 1 to 65 m 3 h − 1 ). The average viscosity of the second block was roughly two to ten times lower than in the first one due to the dilution of the digestate. Fig. 4. Stored biogas amount in the digestate. The x-axis labels refer to the absolute pause time in minutes within the 15-min-intervals and to the relative active mixing time within the intervals, respectively. When the stirrers were operated continuously, only a small amount was stored, which can presumably mainly be assigned to additional storage inside the headspace. Generally, higher amounts were stored higher at high viscosities, however, no difference could be observed between the stirring times. B. Ohnmacht et al. Bioresource Technology 332 (2021) 125099 7 was probably caused by different reasons: Due to the higher viscosity, the gas bubbles rise up slower than at a low viscosity, hence they stay longer in the digestate and the total gas amount is higher ( Nickens and Yannitell, 1987 ). Additionally, flow velocity, shear stress and turbulence are higher when the viscosity is low, leading to an increased detachment of biogas bubbles from the solid parts in the digestate which lowers the total biogas amount in the digestate ( Enders et al., 2019 ). Further, at low viscosity, the digestate is still in motion after the sirrers were switched off ( Kress et al., 2020 ) which applies small but continuous shear stress to the digestate, leading to a higher release of assimilated biogas. In our experiments ∊ max (h * = h R = 6 m) was approximately 21.4%. However, in our experiments, h * was around 5 m and, therefore, ∊(h * = 5 m) was approx. 18.6%. In this case, the absolute maximum storable biogas amount (”working range”) was approx. 30 m 3 . This demonstrates that theoretically only around 1/5 of assimilated biogas in the digestate can be used for the demand-oriented biogas supply, since the rest re- mains in the digester’s headspace. For our experiments (h R = 6 m, ϱ ≈ 1000 kg m 3 , p ≈ 1 bar), the optimum concerning the useable biogas amount was achieved by a half-filled digester at h * opt ≈ 0.49h R . This is, obviously, not applicable to the practical use. At most, the targeted biogas release could be used secondarily as a side effect at a given fill level. Fig. 1 shows the graphs of Eqs. (5) and (7)-(9) , adapted to the conditions of the investigated digester. In this context, no significant influence of the substrate type on the stored biogas could be derived from the measurements. Nearly the same amount of averagely 7.8 m 3 (trial block 1) and 5.3 m 3 (trial block 2), respectively, were stored within one interval when the stirrers were operated intermittently. This may be partly explained by the experi- mental design where feeding to maintain a consistent biogas production was targeted: According to Kougias et al. (2013) , differences in the OLR and in the biogas production are the main factors that influence biogas storage. However, it was also found by others that the chemical composition of the feedstock and the subsequently produced in- termediates (VFAs) have an influence on the stored biogas ( Kougias et al., 2013; Kougias et al., 2014; Moeller et al., 2012 ). These influences could be further investigated by applying additional substrate types. Besides, the duration of the stirring pauses should be increased in order to enhance small differences in biogas assimilation. In general, the biogas storing capacity of the digestate due to biogas assimilation (theoretical maximum 30 m 3 and measured 8 m 3 in our experiments at a fill level 5 m) was small compared to the integrated membrane storage at the investigated research plant (around 2000 m 3 ) and, therefore, neglectable for the use in the demand-oriented biogas supply. This effect is, however, important when determining the biogas production rate from the biogas outflow: Related to the total biogas production within one mixing interval, the assimilated and released biogas amount was on average in the order of 10% - 20% in our ex- periments and, therefore, significantly affected the measured biogas outflow. To eliminate the effect of biogas assimilation on the biogas outflow, the outflow has to be integreated over the time of one mixing interval, limiting the temporal resolution of the biogas production rate to the length of a mixing interval. The introduced equations in Section 2.6 and 2.7 are based on phys- ical processes and should, therefore, be transferrable to different tem- perature levels. In this study, thermophilic conditions were investigated. However, data for the mesophilic condition should be generated in order to compare the biogas assimilation in the digestate. It can be expected that under mesophilic conditions, when methanogenesis is rather favored towards hydrolysis and acidogenesis ( Kim et al., 2002 ), the shift in VFAs concentrations, microbial consortia, viscosity and surface ten- sion may lead to a change in both the kinetic and the equilibrium state of biogas storage ( Hao and Wang, 2015 ). The decrease in VFAs levels may lead to a reduced biogas storage in the digestate whereas the presence of certain filamentous species, the decrease in viscosity and the increase in surface tension may lead to an increase in the biogas storage. Which one of these effects predominates and if further influence factors exist could be investigated in future experiments. Moreover, further investigations should put digestate viscosity, stirring and the main process parameters into context and investigate their mutual influences. Download 1.63 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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