- Neologisms are newly coined terms, words, or phrases, that may be commonly used in everyday life but have yet to be formally accepted to the mainstream language;
- Ad hoc words - formed, arranged, or done for a particular purpose only, a short-living word;
- I am not a good Zoomer, I am afraid!
- Occasionalisms - created for this particular occasion. Not expected to live long; Let’s go to the bar and get sozzled out!
- Nonce-words – Who is this sweety-pretty baby?
Types of neologisms - Phonological neologisms - formed from combinations of sounds, often using onomatopoeia, or even slang:
- Zizz -’ a short sleep’ (imitation of sounds made by a sleeping person and often conveyed in comics with three letters zzz), or ‘high pitch sound’. E.g. There’s a nasty zizz from the engine;
- Zing – ‘to quickly move or vibrate swiftly’, and lately acquired the meaning of smth lively, energetic and interesting: E.g. He was expected to add some zing to the lacklustre team;
Types of neologisms - Morphological neologisms are formed by analogies and samples existing in the language system and from the morphemes present in the language.
- These are such regular word formation processes as affixation, conversion, composition, and less regular, e.g. contraction, lexicalization, etc.
- Morphological neologisms differ from phonological ones and borrowings by the presence of analogy and typification as the basis of their formation. E.g. googlable (something that can be found in the search engines).
Types of neologisms - Semantic neologisms are new meanings of the existing words which have developed by extension, specialization or amelioration and pejoration of one of the lexico-semantic variants of existing words.
- E.G. Mouse – a computer device;
- Neologisms can be completely new words, new meanings for existing words or new semes in existing words. Here are some examples of neologisms that are finding their way into modern-day English language.
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