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Types of sleep and waking in 
newborns 
Deep, peaceful sleep
This is known as non-­‐rapid eye movement sleep (NREM sleep).
This stage includes four steps (drowsiness – light sleep – deep
sleep – very deep sleep) all of which occur gradually.
In the stage of deep sleep, there is no outward movement during
this stage, during which the sleep hormone is produced.
Active sleep
This is known as rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep). Studies
have shown that this stage of sleep is important in forming the
child’s memory and in brain development, and it is during this
stage that dreams occur. In newborn infants, half the time spent
asleep is taken up by active sleep whereas adults spend 25% of
their time asleep in this stage.
The child may appear active in his sleep and some expressions
may appear on his face (such as smiles and frowns); his eyes may
move beneath his half-­‐open eyelids and it may look as if the child
is going to wake up. He may also move his arms and legs from
time to time.
Drowsiness
In this case the baby is in a state between sleep and wakefulness,
so do not try to pick him up or talk to him.
Waking up calmly
The baby is calm and alert to everything that is going on around
him and he does not move a great deal, but he is able to respond
with a smile or facial expression.
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Waking up energetically
The baby is active and may be troubled. He moves his arms and
legs and it is as if he is getting ready to cry and yell.