Emerging Markets How Do Economies Grow?
Economic freedom today is probably
Download 259.6 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
How Do Economies Grow
Economic freedom today is probably
the result of good economic performance—rather than the cause. Had the editors done that, a number of rankings in the book’s analysis would have required significant adjustment. Taiwan and South Korea, for example, now have relatively free economies and are ranked seventh and twenty-seventh, respectively. In earlier decades, those countries did have some economic freedoms, notably in product markets. But both were authoritarian regimes with nontransparent controls aimed at simultaneously promoting exports and restricting foreign entry into their economies. The state-owned banking system in South Korea allowed the Chaebol conglomerates to develop rapidly with little retained equity, much like the Japanese keiretsu in the early 1950s. South Korea’s leaders chose to develop the economy by concentrating their efforts on a small number of large companies, which they protected by eliminating the market for corporate control. They also established labor laws that all but eliminated workers’ ability to bargain collectively, thereby ensuring that companies would have the lion’s share of income in order to promote development. Taiwan used purchasing policies of state-owned enterprises for similar purposes. Only in recent years, as their economies have reached a high level of success, have Taiwan’s and South Korea’s governments begun to relax their grip. In time, China and other countries with poor rankings in the Index may develop much freer economies, but if so, that change is likely to come only after years of high rates of growth. The Chinese have been freeing up the markets for goods and services, but they have kept tight control over markets for capital and labor. The strategy may eventually yield the same results that it did in South Korea and Taiwan. With almost 20 consecutive years of growth exceeding 5% per capita per year, China already seems to be demonstrating that the lives of 1.2 billion people can be radically improved in an environment that sharply limits freedom. Indeed, China has had one of the fastest growing economies of the past 20 years, but the Index ranks the country one-hundred-twenty-fifth—far behind such weak economies as Zambia’s and Algeria’s (fifty-ninth and eighty-ninth)—and it makes no comment on the anomaly. Download 259.6 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling