Energy Efficiency of Electric Vehicles

Figure 20. Thermogram of driver
Figure 21. Thermogram of persons on the road
5.2. Route
Route optimization (RO) is an important feature of the Electric Vehicles which is responsible
for finding optimized paths between any source and destination nodes in the road network.
Recent researches perform the RO for EV using the Multi Constrained Optimal Path
(MCOP) problem. The proposed MCOP problem aims to minimize the length of the path
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and meets constraints on total travelling time, total time delay due to signals, total recharg‐
ing time, and total recharging cost. The proposed algorithms need to have innovative meth‐
ods for finding the velocity of the particles and updating their positions with accurate
database of the requested roads[66-67].
Figure 22. Thermogram of animal on the road
6. Conclusion
Electric drive vehicles are one of the most advanced vehicles at the moment taking into account
contamination of environment. Lately there is an increased interest in the world for hybrid
vehicles that have smaller fuel consumption and substantially less contamination emission
footprint. Hybrid vehicles in most general terms can be described as vehicles comprising
combination of energy producing and storing.
In this chapter, possibilities of energy savings in EV and HEV, energy generating in the vehicle
itself and measures to improve comfort and safety are presented.
Therefore they must be combined with supercapacitors. Beside the development of standard
technologies, development of power supply is crucial for EV. Accumulator batteries and fuel
cells still have not reached the level to obscure enough for autonomy and meet the dynamic
characteristics of vehicles. Supercapacitors are only available technology today that can
provide high power and great cycle numbers at acceptable price. Supercapacitors have other
properties that makes them interesting in hybrid vehicles, and it’s ability of complete regen‐
eration of energy of braking (so called regenerative braking), which increases energy efficiency,
no special maintenance needed, great utilization of electric energy, small toxicity and easy
storage after use.
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