Engineering economy lorie m. Cabanayan francisco d. Cuaresma
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COMPILED LECTURE IN ENGINEERING ECONOMY
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st Scenario: When total revenue (equation 5) and total cost as given by equations 5 and 6 are combined, the typical results as a function of demand is shown in Figure 5. At break even point D‟ 1 , total revenue is equal to total cost, and an increase in demand will result in a profit for the operation. Then at optimal demand, D*, profit is maximized. At breakeven point D‟ 2 , total revenue and total cost are again equal, but additional volume will result in an operating loss instead of a profit. At any volume, D, Profit = total revenue – total costs = (aD – bD 2 ) – (C F + c v D) = - bD 2 + (a – c v ) D - C F ……………………… equation 7 Two conditions must be met in order for a profit to occur: 1. (a – c v ) > 0; that is, the price per unit that will result in no demand has to be greater than the variable cost per unit 2. Total revenue (TR) must exceed total cost (C T ) for the period involved. If these 2 conditions were met, the optimal value of D that maximizes profit is D’ 1 Maximum Profit Profit Volume (Demand) C o s t a n d R e v e n u e R e v e n u e Total Revenue C T C F C V Loss D’ 2 D* Figure 5. Combined cost and revenue functions, and break even points as functions of volume and their effect on typical profit 16 D* = a – c v ………………………….. equation 8 2b For Break even point: Total revenue = total cost aD – bD 2 = C F + c v D => -bD 2 + (a – c v ) D – C F = 0 …………………Equation 9 Equation 10 is a quadratic equation with one unknown (D), solving for breakeven points D‟ 1 and D‟ 2 …… D‟ = - (a – c v ) + - [(a – c v ) 2 – 4(-b) (-C F )] ½ ……………………. Equation 10 2(-b) Download 436.52 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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