Engineering economy lorie m. Cabanayan francisco d. Cuaresma
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COMPILED LECTURE IN ENGINEERING ECONOMY
Breakeven Point
Break even = Total revenue = Total cost = pD = C F + C V = pD = C F + c v D ‟ D ‟ = C F / (p – c v ) …………………………… Equation 11 Break Even = Fixed Cost / (Unit Price - Variable Unit Cost) D’ 18 Sample problem: An engineering consulting firm measures its output in a standard service hour unit, which is a function of the personnel grade levels in the professional staff. The variable cost (c v ) is $62 per standard service hour. The charge-out rate [i.e., selling price (p)] is 1.38.c v = $85.56 per hour. The maximum output of the firm is 160,000 hours per year, and its fixed cost (C F ) is $2,024,000 per year. For this firm, (a) what is the breakeven point in standard service hours and in percentage of total capacity and (b) what is the percentage reduction in the breakeven point (sensitivity) if fixed costs are reduced 10 percent; if variable cost per hour is reduced 10 percent; if both costs are reduced 10 percent; and if the selling price per unit is increased by 10 percent? Solution: (a) Total revenue = total cost pD‟ = C F + c v D‟ D‟ = C F (p – c v ) D‟ = $2,024,000 = 85,908 hours per year ($85.56 - $62) D‟ = 85,908 / 160,000 = 0.537 or 53.7% capacity (b) 10% reduction in C F : D‟ = 0.9 ($2,024,000) = 77,318 hours per year ($85.56 - $62) D‟ = 85,908 – 77,318 / 85,908 = 0.10 or 10% reduction in D‟ and 10% reduction in c v : D‟ = ($2,024,000) = 68,011 hours per year [$85.56 – 0.9 ($62)] D‟ = 85,908 – 68,011 / 85,908 = 0.208 or 20.8% reduction in D‟ and 10% reduction in both C F and c v : D‟ = 0.9 ($2,024,000) = 61,210 hours per year [$85.56 – 0.9 ($62)] D‟ = 85,908 – 61,210 / 85,908 = 0.287 or 28.7% reduction in D‟ and 10% increase in p: D‟ = ($2,024,000) = 63,021 hours per year [1.1($85.56) – $62] D‟ = 85,908 – 63,021 / 85,908 = 0.266 or 26.6% reduction in D‟ Therefore, the breakeven point is more sensitive to a reduction in variable cost per hour than to the same percentage reduction in fixed cost, but reduced costs in both areas should be sought. And also breakeven point in this example is highly sensitive to the selling price per unit, p. 19 The breakeven point in an operating situation can be determined in 1) units of output 2) percentage utilization of capacity 3) sales volume (demand). |
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