English faculty II course paper theme: difference between communicative english and written english

3 Groups of Conceptions

1) contains the ideas that give special consideration to the abstract component. This game is referred to be psychological or mentalistic. It holds that the phoneme is the ideal mental representation, doesn't exist objectively, and only exists in the speaker's mind. The phoneme is imperfectly realized in actual spoken sounds. Following the expression of these concepts by одун-дe-уртене, Sapir and others expanded on them.

2) The concept of a functional group. because the phoneme's capacity to distinguish between meanings is given significant consideration. Distinctive traits are of considerable interest to scholars, although non-distinctive features are frequently neglected.

Bloomfield, Jakobson, and Trubetskoy.
The fact that these researchers' hypothesis led to the development of phonology as a field of study was their greatest accomplishment. However, it led to the division of phonology and phonetics. They argued that only phonology belonged to the field of linguistics and that phonetics belonged in the field of biology. This theory neglected the material aspect.

3) The emphasis on the material part is excessive. D. Johnes and American academic B. Bloch are the representatives of this so-called physical method. They also considered the phoneme to be a mechanical total of its allophones, or the family of sounds. In order to assign sounds to a certain phoneme, similarity between sounds is thought to be the primary requirement. They disregarded functional and abstract elements.

It also demonstrates, that Scherba’s definition is comprehensive, because it gives equal importance to each of the aspects of the phoneme
Phonological analysis techniques.

What does the phonological analysis want to accomplish?

Its primary goal is to identify distinct contrasts between sounds, or to identify pertinent aspects.

Second, a phonemic system for a language should be established based on this study's findings for the phonemes (phones?).

The identification of the phonemes and their classification is the primary goal of phonological analysis.
There are 2 main approaches:

1. 
   formally distributional
   

It is practiced by American structuralists and it pays special attention to the position of the sound in the word or its distribution;

2. 
   semantically distribution (sematic)
   

It gives special attention to meaning, it’s wildly practiced in this country.
The analysis is conducted through the system of phonological oppositions. It’s based on the following rule: