English faculty II english language Teaching methodology department№2

Practical value of the research – the practical significance of the work lies in the usage of recommended lesson plans and diversity of activities in the classes to young learners and can be an extra material for teachers of practical English lessons.
The novelty of the research –properly-created lesson plans according to the level and different types of activities for teaching listening skill are defined as a novelty of the research work.
The structure of the course paper consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion as well as glossary which are followed by the bibliographic list of the literature used in the course of research.
II. CHAPTER ONE
§1.1. Theoretical basis of teaching phonics to young children.
Teaching phonics incorporates the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes in order to explain the correspondence between these sounds and the spelling methods that represent them. Thereafter, learners become able to blend the sounds and spellings. Phonics (aka synthetic phonics) is a process designed for teaching, reading and writing the English language. Teaching phonics incorporates the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes in order to explain the correspondence between these sounds and the spelling methods that represent them. Thereafter, learners become able to blend the sounds and spellings.This process is used widely for teaching language development in English speaking nations. In the UK a report by the House of Commons Education and Skills Committee called for a review of teaching phonics in the National Curriculum. The review, headed by the former Director of Ofsted, concluded that it should be the method of choice for teaching reading in primary schools in England.Phonics involves matching the sounds of spoken English with individual letters or groups of letters. For example, the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck or ch. Teaching children to blend the sounds of letters together helps them decode unfamiliar or unknown words by sounding them out.Phonics involves teaching how to connect the sounds of spoken English with letters or groups of letters (e.g., that the sound /k/ can be represented by c, k, ck, or ch spellings) and teaching them to blend the sounds of letters together to produce approximate pronunciations of unknown words.There are four major types of phonics teaching methods that children who are studying phonics to learn to read might be taught. These include synthetic phonics, analogy phonics, analytic phonics, and embedded phonics. Read on to learn more about each of these different teaching structures.The phonics emphasis in reading draws heavily from behaviorist learning theory that is associated with the work of the Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner while the whole language emphasis draws from constructivist learning theory and the work of the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky.There are two main types of phonics: synthetic phonics and analytic phonics. The difference between them is substantial enough to affect the gains in literacy that young readers make. Synthetic phonics is a more accelerated form of phonics.The Simple View of Reading is a theory that attempts to define the skills that contribute to early reading comprehension. According to the original theory, an individual's reading comprehension is the product of her decoding skill and language comprehension.Phonetic reading and writing is a behavior the child exhibits that involves "sounding out" words the way they are written or writing words the way they sound (again, relating to the way letters represent speech sounds).Phonics is a method for teaching children how to read and write in English. However, for a young child who is learning English as a second language, learning to read and write in English is the final part of the process.The first step is to focus on the sounds of the language; the way they go up and down when someone speaks. In other words, the music of the language.It is important for children to learn letter-sound relationships because English uses letters in the alphabet to represent sounds. Phonics teaches this information to help children learn how to read. Children learn the sounds that each letter makes, and how a change in the order of letters changes a word's meaning.Phonics is the study of the relationship between the spoken and written language. Each letter or combination of letters represent a sound or sounds. The information is codified, as we must be able to recognise which symbols make which sounds in order to read. This information is found in the Alphabetic Code.Since the English language comes from many sources, different spelling patterns can represent the same phonemes. The Alphabetic Code provides us with this information. Words which don’t follow easily recognisable patterns are called ‘tricky words’. We have to learn these words in their entirety.The best advice I can give is to jump in where you are – and learn as you go along. All English teachers already know a lot of the information they need to teach phonics. Look at the Alphabetic Code and try some of the activities below. You will soon get the hang of it.Phonics is taught in phases:

• Phase 1 phonics concentrates on teaching the sounds of the language.

• Phase 2 phonics attaches a letter or letters to each sound (called a letter sound). Children learn to blend letter sounds to make simple decodable words (for example, cat, pen, sun). At this stage children need to learn some high frequency tricky words so that they can read simple sentences (e.g. the, I, me).
• Phase 3 and 4 phonics present digraphs and trigraphs: sounds which are represented by more than one letter (for example the ai in rain, the alternative spelling a_e in cake, called a split digraph, and the trigraph igh in light).
• Phases 5 and 6 continue to present and practise alternative spellings and less frequent tricky words, as well as other aspects of the written language.The primary focus of phonics instruction is to help beginning readers understand how letters are linked to sounds (phonemes) to form letter-sound correspondences and spelling patterns and to help them learn how to apply this knowledge in their reading.The primary focus of phonics instruction is to help beginning readers understand how letters are linked to sounds (phonemes) to form letter-sound correspondences and spelling patterns and to help them learn how to apply this knowledge in their reading.
The benefits of Phonics
Enhances early literacy skills. ...
Helps with speech & language development. ...
Gives them a head start at school. ..