English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
part of minor sentences), while
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
part of minor sentences), while and and when are used ‘properly’, to join their clause to the previous one. Activity C9.3: a) In total there are 10 finite verb phrases – and therefore 10 clauses. (The verbs are underlined in the version below.) Sentence (8) has no finite verb phrase – in fact it has no verb at all. b) (5) and (7) are minor sentences – clause fragments, in fact. (5) contains another (subordinate) clause. c) (1) and (2) are multiple (complex) sentences; (3), (4) and (6) are simple sentences. d) (1) SVPs. There is also a subordinate clause introduced by how. (2) SVPs. There is also a subordinate clause introduced by so . . . that. (3) SVPs. Note the repetition of this basic clause pattern in the first three sentences. (4) OSV. This is an unusual word order; the object has been ‘fronted’ (see A11). (6) SVO. Note the coordinated object, with and repeated. e) overall there are five grammatical sentences. The graphological sentence (5) would be joined to (4), and (7) and (8) would be joined to (6). This is how the paragraph would be if written using only grammatical sentence divisions (the original ‘sentence’ numbers have been left in place): (1) This is how a daughter honors her mother. (2) It is shou so deep it is in your bones. (3) The pain of the flesh is nothing. (4) The pain you must forget , (5) because sometimes that is the only way to remember what is in your bones. (6) You must peel off your skin, and that of your mother, and her mother before her, (7) until there is nothing: (8) no scar, no skin, no flesh. This separation of ‘grammatical’ sentences into smaller graphological sentences is typical of a certain ‘literary’, creative style of writing. Activity C9.4: The reason for fronting The pain is so that it parallels sentence (3). The other sentence with a fronted object is A(7). Activity C9.5: (A5) She did not come to me and beg me to forgive her. (D6) . . . but could not close my eyes. |
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