Document Outline - Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- How to use this book
- Contents cross-referenced
- Figures and tables
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- A Introduction
- A1 Approaches to grammar
- A1.1 The trouble with ‘grammar’
- A1.2 Defining grammar
- A1.3 Types of grammar
- A2 Nouns
- A2.1 Defining nouns
- A2.2 Number: singular and plural
- A2.3 The formation of plurals
- A2.4 The genitive
- A2.5 Common and proper nouns
- A2.6 Count and noncount nouns
- A3 Noun phrases and determiners
- A4 Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions
- A4.1 Adjectives
- A4.2 Adverbs
- A4.3 Prepositions
- A5 Verbs and their forms
- A5.1 Verb forms
- A5.2 Finite forms vs non-finite forms
- A5.3 The ‘future tense’
- A5.4 Other verb forms
- A6 Auxiliaries and the verb phrase
- A6.1 Auxiliaries
- A6.2 Verb phrase structure
- A6.3 Verb phrase combinations
- A6.4 The passive voice
- A7 Varying the verb phrase
- A7.1 Negatives and interrogatives
- A7.2 Contractions
- A7.3 Combinations of negatives and interrogatives
- A7.4 Transfer of negation
- A8 Clauses and clause elements
- A8.1 Clauses
- A8.2 Clause elements
- A9 Types of sentence
- A9.1 The sentence
- A9.2 Types of sentence
- A9.3 Conjunctions and subordinators
- A10 Subordinate clauses
- A10.1 Finite subordinate clauses
- A10.2 Incomplete clauses
- A11 Redesigning sentences
- A11.1 Word order in English
- A11.2 Reasons for redesigning sentences: three principles
- A11.3 Techniques for redesigning sentences
- A12 Grammar in speech and writing
- A12.1 Variety in English
- A12.2 Speech and writing
- A12.3 Basic differences: intonation and punctuation
- A12.4 Some tendencies in spoken English
- A12.5 Conclusion
- B Development
- B1 Word classes
- B1.1 Classifying words
- B1.2 Open and closed word classes
- B1.3 Formal and notional approaches to defining word classes
- B1.4 Problems with word classes 80
- B1.5 Conclusion
- B2 Pronouns
- B2.1 Definition
- B2.2 Personal pronouns
- B2.3 Problems with personal pronouns
- B2.4 Other pronouns
- B2.5 Conclusion
- B3 Articles
- B3.1 Membership and forms
- B3.2 The concept of reference
- B3.3 The indefinite article
- B3.4 The definite article: specific uses
- B3.5 The definite article: other uses
- B3.6 Generalising with noun phrases
- B3.7 Conclusion
- B4 Types of adverb
- B5 The meanings of tense and aspect
- B5.1 The ‘meanings’ of the tenses
- B5.2 Aspect
- B5.3 Stative and non-stative verbs
- B5.4 Conclusion
- B6 Modal auxiliaries
- B6.1 Modality
- B6.2 Modal auxiliaries
- B6.3 Meanings of modal verbs
- B6.4 Marginal and semi-modals
- B6.5 Conclusion
- B7 Multi-word verbs
- B7.1 Multi-word and single-word verbs
- B7.2 Distinguishing phrasal and prepositional verbs
- B7.3 Phrasal verbs with a pronoun as object
- B7.4 Phrasal-prepositional verbs
- B7.5 Conclusion
- B8 Verb patterns
- B8.1 Five patterns
- B8.2 Describing verbs
- B8.3 Conclusion
- B9 Clause types
- B9.1 Declaratives
- B9.2 Interrogatives
- B9.3 Exclamatives
- B9.4 Imperatives
- B9.5 Form and function
- B9.6 Conclusion
- B10 Relative clauses
- B10.1 Relative pronouns
- B10.2 The position and word order of relative clauses
- B10.3 The formation of relative clauses
- B10.4 Conclusion
- B11 Beyond and beneath the sentence
- B11.1 Grammar beyond the sentence
- B11.2 Grammar beneath the sentence
- B11.3 Conclusion
- B12 Reporting
- B12.1 Direct and reported speech
- B12.2 Conclusion
- C Exploration
- C1 Words with multiple word-class membership
- C2 Nouns which can be both count and noncount
- C3 Usage problems with determiners
- C4 The comparison of adjectives
- C4.1 Identifying phrasal comparison
- C4.2 Examining the rules for comparison
- C5 Distinguishing -ing and -ed forms
- C5.1 Distinguishing the word class of -ing forms
- C5.2 Distinguishing the word class of -ed forms
- C6 Verbs which can be transitive and intransitive
- C7 Ergativity
- C8 Analysing clauses
- C8.1 Analysing clause patterns
- C8.2 Analysing verb patterns
- C9 Exploring texts (1)
- C10 Exploring texts (2)
- C11 Exploring texts (3): putting it all together
- C12 Analysing spoken texts
- D Extension
- D1 What is grammar?
- D2 Count and mass nouns
- D3 Determiners: a class apart
- D4 Prepositions and space
- D5 Future time – a summary
- D6 Hedging and boosting
- D7 Words and phrases
- D8 Semantic roles of the subject
- D9 Speech acts
- D10 Conditionals
- D10.1 Conditional sentences Michael Lewis
- D10.2 The ‘second conditional’ Dave Willis
- D11 Subject, actor, theme 251Michael Halliday
- D12 Grammar in the construction of online discussion messages 256Ann Hewings and Caroline Coffin
- Sources of texts used
- References
- Index of terms and concepts
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
