English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
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- Related forms
- Activity B2.1
Number and gender
Even though it sounds simple, number is also a problematic category for pronouns. The second person in English has no distinction between singular and plural (it is said to be ‘neutralised’), and the third person has the additional distinction of gender, but only in the singular. As for the first person, strictly speaking we is not the plural of I, because it is very difficult, if not impossible, to have two or more first persons (though two examples would be a document signed by many people beginning We the undersigned . . . , or twins speaking simultaneously). Usually we means ‘I and you’ or ‘I and he/she/they’. The former is called ‘inclusive’ we because it includes the listener (What shall we do tonight?) and the latter ‘exclusive’ we (We’re going home; what about you?). Let’s can only be interpreted as inclusive. There is another situation where the singular/plural distinction is problematic, where the paradigm is not so neat or accurate, as the next activity shows. Fill in the gap with a suitable pronoun; use your intuitions. Anyone can see that, can’t _________? Case Most of the personal pronouns have two forms, or ‘cases’, depending on the role they play in a sentence. The subjective typically occurs as the subject, while the objective typically occurs as the object, hence their names (see A8 for more on these roles): I like it. They hate us. The distinction is neutralised for you and it. There are a number of issues concerning the choice of subjective or objective. Typically the objective is also used for predicatives (e.g. after the verb be – see A8): It is me. Some people, however, believe the subjective should be used: It is I, though there is no historical reason for this. The objective tends to be used instead of the subjective when the pronoun is first in a coordinated phrase, even though it is the subject: Me and Darren are having a party tomorrow. This sounds informal (and wrong to some people) compared with Darren and I are having a party tomorrow. Related forms A number of related forms are sometimes included with the personal pronouns because they seem to follow the same pattern. These are possessive pronouns: ❏ mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs Mine is red. Activity B2.1 ✪ P R O N O U N S 85 Its does not exist as a pronoun: ‘Is this its?’ The double genitive that we saw with nouns is also common with possessive pronouns: a friend of mine (rather than ‘a friend of me’) possessive determiners: ❏ my, your, his, her, its, our, their (see A3) My car is red. The possessive pronouns and determiners correspond to the two uses of the genitive: Will’s is red. / Mine is red. Will’s car is red. / My car is red. reflexive pronouns, where the subject and object are the same: ❏ myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves I hurt myself. Fill in the gap with a suitable pronoun. If anyone doesn’t want to surrender, they could shoot __________. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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