English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
B3.1 Membership and forms
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
B3.1 Membership and forms
One of the first questions that we need to ask is: how many are there? You are prob- ably already familiar with the definite (the) and indefinite (a/an) articles, but some grammarians have proposed a third: the ‘zero’ article. Having a ‘zero’ article allows B3 88 D E V E L O P M E N T us to say that all common nouns must always have a determiner. It means a simpler rule for the construction of noun phrases, but it is a rather unusual concept; see the article in D3 for more discussion. Some grammarians also claim that some could be considered the plural of a (a dog: some dogs), but the problem is that some adds the idea of a number or quantity (although a vague one) to the plural: There are wolves/some wolves in that forest. Then there is the fact that some can go with noncount nouns: some money. So it is best to leave some to the quantifiers and stick with just two articles: the definite (used with both singular and plural nouns) and the indefinite (used with singular only). The main issue is the ‘meaning’ or uses of the articles, i.e. the difference between definite and indefinite. This is dealt with below under ‘reference’. TERMINOLOGY Elsewhere in the book these forms are usually referred to as a and the, but here we need these terms, partly to be able to say that ‘the indefinite article has two forms: a and an’. You could not say ‘a has two forms: a and an’. The indefinite article has two forms, both in speech and writing (not to mention the stressed form): a /ә/ and an /әn/. The choice between them depends on the pronunciation of the following word; the former is used in front of consonant sounds, the latter in front of vowels (see the pronunciation symbols in the Website Reference). It is the only ‘word’ in English that behaves so. The definite article also has two unstressed pronunciations, /ðә/ (before con- sonants) and /ði/ (before vowels), but this is not reflected in the spelling. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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