English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
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- Activity C1.3
Activity C1.1
✪ Activity C1.2 142 E X P L O R AT I O N Look at the concordance lines below. First of all think of the word classes which are possible for back and then work out which class is shown in each line. Which word class do you think will be most common? 1. All he owned were the clothes on his back and a few cassettes . . . 2. They walked back into the main bar . . . 3. . . . governments have been considering action to cut back on emissions of greenhouse gases . . . 4. Back at the office you said something about a secret . . . 5. . . . [he] walked past her up the narrow passage and into the back kitchen. 6. You stopped being angry with them and held back your furious rage. 7. Dolly was wedging the doorhandle with the back of a chair . . . 8. . . . I’ll be back for dinner . . . 9. . . . and now he thumped George on the back with great bonhomie . . . 10. . . . she managed to bring them both back to earth again. 11. What they often get instead is a pat on the back, a stack of reading matter . . . 12. She hurried back down the stairs . . . 13. . . . through the lounge into the kitchen at the back. 14. . . . as one goes further back through the geological record . . . 15. Fold back the ear flap, and briskly pull out one or two hairs . . . Comments Activity C1.1: Although we generally think of round as an adjective, its absence from the lines reflects how rare it is. Adverbs (lines 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13), nouns (3, 6, 11) and prepositions (4, 9, 15) are in fact more common. It can also be a verb, usually a phrasal one, as is the case with line 14 (round up). If you had trouble with 5, 7 and 13, see B7 on phrasal verbs/multiword verbs. Note how the difference in word class is generally associated with a difference in meaning. However, it can be argued that there is little, perhaps no, difference between the adverb and preposition meanings, apart from the absence or presence of the noun phrase following the preposition. For example, if we remove the noun phrase from line 15, there is very little difference: he strode round / he strode round the room but the same is not possible for line 9: nettles that grew thickly round (?) / nettles that grew thickly round the boathouse Activity C1.2: The answer is lines 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15. These correspond exactly to the instances of adverbs and prepositions. This could be seen as another reason for grouping them. Activity C1.3 ✪ N O U N S W H I C H C A N B E B O T H C O U N T A N D N O N C O U N T 143 Activity C1.3: We tend to think of back as a noun meaning a part of the body (just like we think of round as an adjective), but again adverbs are more common, as the lines reflect: adverb: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 noun: 1, 7, 9, 11, 13 (Note that 13 does not refer to part of a body.) adjective: 5 Back can also be a verb: Will you back me? Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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