English pronunciation in Great Britain

English pronunciation in Great Britain
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Usually, owing to the political, economic, social and cultural factors, one of the regional dialects becomes literary, as it
constitutes the orthoepic norm. At present there are the following
regional pronunciation types exist in Great Britain:
Southern English pronunciation
01
03
Scottish English pronunciation
Northern English pronunciation
02
Irish English pronunciation
04
among which the Southern English pronunciation is chosen as the orthoepic standard for modern English. This type of pronunciation is often
called Standard English. D. Jones called it. Received Pronunciation (RP) by which he meant “... merely widely understood
pronunciation ... in the English - speaking world...”
As D. Abercrombie points out even in England there are numerous ways of pronouncing RP. He distinguishes three groups of people on the basis of their pronunciation; 1) RP speakers - those who speak without an accent; 2) Non-RP speakers - those who speak with an accent; 3) dialect speakers.
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Northern English pronunciation is used in the region between Birmingham and the border of Scotland. Until the turn of the nineteenth century the majority of people in England spoke Northern English as it was uniform at that time, while Southern English was spoken by fewer people. There were even claims to recognize the superiority of the northern pronunciation and encourage it against the Southern (including London) pronunciation
at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
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In the Scottish type of pronunciation some phonetic features
of old English precisely the Northumbrian dialect of the AngloSaxon language, were preserved. In the seventh century the German tribes-angles and saxes migrated to Scotland. In the ninth
century Scandinavians arrived in Scotland. The population of
Scotland is known as high landers af present.
The Irish type of pronunciation is used in Ireland which is
politically separated into two parts: The Republic of Ireland (Eire)
and Northern Ireland (Ulster). The mother tongue of Irish people is the Irish language, a Celtic group of Indo-European languages.
Ireland was conquered by England in the twelfth century and
English began to be spread there
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