English Through Reading for efl learners
California - waiting for the Big One
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Intermediate-Reading-Passages
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- English Through Reading for EFL Learners INSTRUCTOR: DR. H. GHAEMI 5 Unit 2: The story of the skyscraper
California - waiting for the Big One
Words and their endings. Replace the missing word-endings in the following two extracts from the article. The earth is permanent____ monitor____ with high-tech seismographs situat____ in universities and govern____ research stations; they are constant____ watch____ by high____- train____ employ____ and volunt____ from the California Office of Emergency Services; and students in every school receive train____ in what to do in the event of an earthquake. Actual____, what has happen____ is that the streets have crack____ and shift____, so that curbs no long____ meet. Houses have shift____, so that walls are uneven. Build____ have inter____ and exter____ cracks that can't be prevent____, because the slow____ shift____ earth causes an inexor____ move____ in found____, walls and streets! Geolog____ believe that displace____ along this fault have been occurr____ for 15-20 million years. The drift can be measur____ as a displace____ of two inches per year, on average. It doesn't take an expert to figure out what mov____ part of a build____ two inches a year will do to that structure. During the destruct____ 1906 earthquake, in some places the earth mov____ as much as 21 feet! English Through Reading for EFL Learners INSTRUCTOR: DR. H. GHAEMI 5 Unit 2: The story of the skyscraper America has given a lot of things to the world; but in terms of urban lifestyle, none is as significant and as visible as the skyscraper Tall buildings, their tips sometimes hidden in the clouds, skyscrapers have become the symbol of modern urban civilization, and today they are found worldwide. But until the mid- 20th century, they were very much a distinctive feature of the American city. The skyline of Manhattan 1. If you ask a person to describe an American city, the chances are that he will mention the word skyscraper. Tall buildings, their tips sometimes hidden in the clouds, have become the symbol of the American metropolis, a symbol of twenty-first century urban civilisation. American cities have not always had skyscrapers, but it is now almost a century and a half since the first skyscrapers began to distinguish their skylines. 2. For millions of people coming to America from Europe, the first proof that they had reached a new world was the moment when they first caught sight of the skyline of Manhattan. Surrealistic, superhuman, the skyline was like nothing they had ever seen in the old world — a concentration of tall buildings, their tops scraping the sky, hundreds of feet above the ground. These were New York's famous skyscrapers! This was America! 3. The first skyscrapers, however, did not develop in New York, but in Chicago, in the late nineteenth century. Chicago at that time was the boom town of the United States — New York was just the front door. Chicago was at the center of the new American adventure, and the new adventure was the West. Chicago was the point at which the West began. 4. In the year 1871, a large part of booming Chicago was destroyed as a major fire engulfed much of the downtown area. The fire, however, was a great stimulus to architects: not only did it show them the need to design modern buildings that would not be liable to burn very rapidly, but it also gave them plenty of opportunities to put their new theories into practice. 5. By the late 1800's architects and engineers had made great steps forwards. Until the nineteenth century, the height of buildings had been limited to a maximum of about ten stories as a result of the building materials used — wood, brick or stone. With the |
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