Ethnic stereotypes, cognitive style and mutual classification of national characteristics of an individual

Socio-role stereotypes are manifested when an individual's characteristics are assessed in terms of the 
social role and responsibilities he or she occupies. Although the concepts of "social role" and "social status" are 
related, they should be distinguished. "Social status" is a hierarchical, vertical concept. "Social role" is not a formal-
hierarchical, but a semantic-functional concept. There is a unique set of social role stereotypes. For example, a 
military serviceman has a disciplined, strong character; the teacher is kind, fair; the professor is smart, a little 
careless, and so on. Such stereotypes are not universal. Numerous experiments are currently underway to confirm 
the existence of social role stereotypes. In one such experiment, the experimenter's assistant appeared in front of the 
examinees in a military uniform and other suit. When respondents were asked to rate his personality traits, it was 
found that their assessments were influenced by what he wore. This view gradually led to the emergence of the 
proverbs in folklore: "people are greeted according to their clothes, they are seen off by their knowledge."
Expressive-aesthetic stereotypes – a person is evaluated depending on his appearance.

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International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECS) 
ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 03 2022
10080
DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V14I3.1173
Verbal-behavioral stereotypes are also reflected in the fact that the assessment of a person depends on his 
external features - expression, speech, facial expressions, pantomime, and so on. However, in this case, 
"attractiveness" is not so important. Although most people answered “no” to the question whether they judge 
people's inner world by their appearance, the experimental data show the opposite. Panferov's experiment identified
and categorized photos of people into three groups - beautiful, ordinary and unattractive. Respondents were asked to 
rate the psychological characteristics of the people in the photo. According to the results, the descriptions of 
"beautiful" people’s photos were self-confident, happy, sincere, balanced, enthusiastic, resourceful, spiritually rich, 
and so on. The results of the experiment confirm the famous opinion of A.P. Chekhov: "Everything in a person 
should be beautiful, if his face and body are beautiful" [3, p. 107.].
Studies have shown that external beauty can affect not only the evaluation placed on a person, but also the 
behavior of the evaluating person. American psychologists conducted such an experiment in one of the large 
companies. The new employees being recruited underwent a two-stage interview. The first interview was conducted 
by an interviewer with an average appearance, and the second interview was conducted by a very nice interviewer. 
Both stages of the conversation were videotaped. The analysis of the results showed that in the second stage, that is, 
in front of a beautiful interviewer, the candidates behaved very strangely, trying to exaggerate their achievements 
and make a good impression. As a result, they found it difficult to compose sentences, their pace of thinking slowed 
down, and they became convinced that they could not compete for the position.
The success of a collaborative effort requires a certain amount of perceptual precision. The accuracy of the 
perceiving and reflecting the personality of others has a positive impact not only on collaborative activities, but also 
on the process of interpersonal interaction.
Another mechanism of interpersonal perception is called projection. Projection is the transfer by an 
evaluator of his or her behavioral motives and feelings to the person being evaluated without understanding.
The concept of identification is used in many fields of psychology. In social psychology, however, 
identification is interpreted as one of the mechanisms of perceiving a human by another human. Identification is the 
act of consciously putting oneself in someone else's shoes. In doing so, he gradually enters the other person's space 
and time, assimilating his views, directions, motives, habits, and desires. Identification is a difficult but most 
effective mechanism for knowing others. In real-life situations, we often use the phrase “put yourself in his shoes” 
for some people, but not everyone can easily get into someone else’s shoes.
In conclusion, our study confirmed that cognitive styles are reflected not only among different nationalities, 
but also in national gender characteristics. Also, identification, empathy, attraction, and social reflection are 
manifested in interpersonal understanding. It is no secret that the issues of interpersonal understanding and knowing 
also played an important role in the scientific works of medieval Eastern scholars, many of whom considered and 
admitted interpersonal understanding and knowing to be the most necessary condition for close interaction.