F eminist and g ender t heories
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA
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SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA
of Lévi-Strauss and structuralism . . . [but] at this juncture it is already clear that one way the inter- nal stability and binary frame for sex is effec- tively secured is by casting the duality of sex in a prediscursive domain. This production of sex as the prediscursive ought to be understood as the effect of the apparatus of cultural construc- tion designated by gender. How, then, does gen- der need to be reformulated to encompass the power relations that produce the effect of a pre- discursive sex and so conceal that very operation of discursive production? Discussion Questions 1. Smith (1987:64) states, “So as I walk down the street keeping an eye on my dog I am observing some of the niceties of different forms of property ownership.” In what ways do you “do class” in your everyday life? In what ways do you “do gender”? How do your class and gender performances reaffirm forms of domination? To what extent do your gender performances reflect, reaffirm, or challenge normative heterosexuality, or what Butler calls the heterosexual matrix? 2. According to Smith (1987:68), “The role of women is central both in the work that is done and in the management of its routine daily order . . . whatever the relations between school achievement, career success, and the ‘intricate psychosocial processes’ of the family, the conscious, planned thoughtful work of women as mothers has been part of its actuality.” Discuss the extent to which “behind-the-scenes” women’s work is still taken for granted in both schools and the workplace today, including the class dimen- sions of this issue. Do you think that this aspect of gender roles has changed in the last twenty years? How so or why not? Do you think full gender equality can be achieved? Why or why not? 3. According to P. Collins (1990/2000:228), “A matrix of domination contains few pure victims or oppressors. Each individual derives varying amounts of penalty and privilege from the multiple systems of oppression which frame everyone’s lives.” Give concrete examples of moments or situations in which you have found yourself a “victim” and con- crete examples of moments or situations in which you found yourself an “oppressor.” Explain how your examples reflect the matrix of domination at the level of personal biogra- phy, the community, and the systemic level of social institutions. 4. Discuss the neo-Marxist or critical dimensions of Smith, Collins, Chodorow, Connell, and Butler. In addition to critical theory, what other traditions and concepts does each draw from to produce her own dis- tinct perspective? 5. Compare and contrast Butler’s concep- tualization of “performativity” with Goffman’s dramaturgical theory (Chapter 5). Download 0.84 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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