Faculty of : chemical technology group of : el 64-21 cht

FACULTY OF : CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUP OF : EL 64-21 CHT
DONE BY : VALIYEV. B.
BINDERS CHEMISTRY
Classification of clinkers and types of Portland cement
What is portland cement ?
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Plastic portland cement
Hydrophobic portland cement
Chemical and physical properties of cemend
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Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin, and is usually made from limestone. It is a fine powder, produced by heating limestone and clay minerals in a kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker, and adding 2 to 3 percent of gypsum. Several types of portland cement are available. The most common, called ordinary portland cement (OPC), is grey, but white portland cement is also available.
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Cement clinker is a solid material produced in the manufacture of portland cement as an intermediary product. Clinker occurs as lumps or nodules, usually 3 millimetres (0.12 in) to 25 millimetres (0.98 in) in diameter. It is produced by sintering (fusing together without melting to the point of liquefaction) limestone and aluminosilicate materials such as clay during the cement kiln stage.
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Typical constituents of portland clinker plus gypsum showing cement chemist notation (CCN)

Clinker	CCN	Mass
Tricalcium silicate (CaO)3 · SiO2	C3S	25–50%
Dicalcium silicate (CaO)2 · SiO2	C2S	20–45%
Tricalcium aluminate (CaO)3 · Al2O3	C3A	5–12%
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (CaO)4 · Al2O3 · Fe2O3	C4AF	6–12%
Gypsum CaSO4 · 2 H2O	CS̅H2	2–10%

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Typical constituents of portland cement showing cement chemist notation

Cement	CCN	Mass
Calcium oxide, CaO	C	61–67%
Silicon dioxide, SiO2	S	19–23%
Aluminium oxide, Al2O3	A	2.5–6%
Ferric oxide, Fe2O3	F	0–6%
Sulfur (VI) oxide, SO3	S̅	1.5–4.5%

Literature review
N.B. Singh, in Smart Nanoconcretes and Cement-Based Materials, 2020
V. Bindiganavile, M. Hoseini, in Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete, 2008
Brajadulal Chattopadhyay, in Smart Nanoconcretes and Cement-Based Materials, 2020
J.F. Young, in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 2001