Ilimiy is tiykarlari

Step III: constructing an instrument for data collection

Anything that becomes a means of collecting information for the study is called a ‘research tool’ or a ‘research instrument’, for example,

• 
  observation forms,
  
• 
  interview schedules,
  
• 
  questionnaires,
  
• 
  interview guides.
  

The construction of a research instrument is the first ‘practical’ step in carrying out a study. We will need to decide how we are going to collect data for the proposed study and then construct a research instrument for data collection.

Step IV: selecting a sample

Sampling is the process of selecting a few – a sample – from a bigger group –the sampling population – to become the basis for estimating or predicting the prevalence of an unknown piece of information, situation or outcome regarding the bigger group.

A sample is a subgroup of the population we are interested in.