Summary The concept of the psyche

84 • Part I. Introduction to General Psychology
there are two stages. The first - the stage of elementary sensory psyche - has two levels: lower and higher. The second, the stage of perceptual psyche, has three levels: the lowest, the highest, and the highest. The basis of the selection of these two stages of development of the psyche are the main characteristics of ways of obtaining information about the world. For the first stage is characterized by sensory way, or the level of sensations. For the second, the perceptual method, or the level of perception (see Table 3.1).
It should be noted that in addition to this approach to the study of the development of the psyche of animals, there are others. For example, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, one of the first researchers who discovered the remains of a Sinanthropus, approaches this problem from an idealistic point of view. Speaking of the existence of an ideal beginning in the world, which develops together with the material one, he writes: “Both energies are physical and mental, being respectively
Table 3.1 Stages and levels of development of the psyche and behavior of animals
(according to A. N. Leontiev and K. E. Faboi) *

Stages and levels of mental reflection, its characteristics	Behavior characteristics associated with this stage and level	Types of creatures that have reached this level of development
1. Stage elementary sensor
Noah psyche
A. The lowest level. Primitive	A. Clear reactions to biologists scientifically significant properties of the medium through changes in speed and direction of motion. Elementary forms of movements. Weak plasticity of behavior. Unformed response ability to biologists chesky neutral, deprived properties of life environment. Weak, misaligned motional activity	A. The simplest, Many lower multicellular organisms living in the aquatic environment
elements of sensitivity. Irritability
B. Highest level. The presence of sensations. The appearance of the most important organ of manipulation - the jaws. Ability to	B. Clear reactions to biologically neutral stimuli. Developed physical activity (crawling, digging in	B. Higher (ringed) worms, gastropod mollusks (snails), some other invertebrates
formation of elementary conditioned reflexes	ground, swimming with the release of water on land). Ability to avoid environmental conditions, to leave
	from them, conduct an active search
	positive stimuli. Individual experience and learning play a small role. The main value in the behavior
	have hard congenital pro
	grams

* From: Silent R.S. Psychology: A textbook for students. higher ped. studies. Institutions: In 3 kN. Prince one:
General principles of psychology. - 2nd ed. - M .: Vlados, 1998.