Summary The concept of the psyche

Summary
The concept of the psyche. The psyche as a property of highly organized living matter. The nature and mechanisms of mental phenomena. Irritability. Sensitivity and sensations, their properties and main differences compared to irritability. Behavior as a process of adaptation to environmental conditions. Consciousness as the highest level of mental reflection. "I-concept" and the criticality of man, their role in shaping human behavior. The main functions of the psyche. Ensuring adaptation to environmental conditions is an integrative function of the psyche. Common problems of the origin of the human psyche.
The development of the psyche of animals. Instinctive behavior of animals and the stage of elementary behavior. The role of the properties of external stimuli in the formation of the behavior of animals that are at the level of development of the elementary sensory psyche. Differentiation of organs of sensitivity. The nodal nervous system and the valuable behavior of animals. The tubular nervous system and the complication of animal behavior. Teaching IP Pavlov on conditional and unconditioned reflexes. The stage of skills and objective perception, its main features. Stage of intellectual behavior. The main features of the stage of intellectual behavior. The concept of Leontiev-Fabri. Idealistic views of P. Chardin on the problem of the development of the psyche of animals.
3.1. The concept of the psyche
In previous chapters, we viewed psychology as a modern and multifaceted science. Translated from the ancient Greek, "psychology" is the science of the soul, and, therefore, its subject is the "soul" or psyche. But what is the psyche and mental phenomena? We have already spoken about the existence of different points of view on such a complex and multifaceted phenomenon as the "psyche" or "soul" is. Most of them refer to either the idealistic or the materialistic interpretation. In the domestic psychological science in the study of mental phenomena, as a rule, proceed from the standpoint of dialectical materialism.
The psyche is a property of highly organized living matter, consisting in the active reflection by the subject of the objective world, in the construction by the subject of an inalienable picture of this world and the regulation on this basis of behavior and activity.
From this definition follows a number of fundamental judgments about the nature and mechanisms of the manifestation of the psyche. First, the psyche is a property of living matter only. And not just living matter, but highly organized living matter. Consequently, not every living matter has this property, but only that which has specific organs that determine the possibility of the existence of the psyche.