acris v. asteroides .................... 155

acris v. debilis .......................... 155

caespitosus ............................... 158

compositus ............................... 153

corymbosus .............................. 155

coulteri ..................................... 156

divergens ................................. 158

evermannii ............................... 158

glabellus ................................... 156

linearis ..................................... 155

lonchophyllus .......................... 156

peregrinus ssp. callianthemus 156

peregrinus v. scaposus ............ 156

philadephicus .......................... 156

pumilus .................................... 153

rydbergii .................................. 158

simplex ..................................... 158

speciosus .................................. 155

strigosus .................................. 158

subtrinervis ............................. 155

ERIOGONUM ............................. 316

ERIOPHORUM ........................... 512

ERIOPHYLLUM ......................... 159

eriophyllum ................................. 159

ERITRICHIUM ............................. 70

ERODIUM ................................... 240

ERYSIMUM ................................ 211

ERYTHRONIUM ........................ 614

EUPATORIUM ........................... 159

EUPHORBIA .............................. 234

EUPHORBIACEAE .................... 234

Evening-primrose Family .......... 293

evening-primrose ........................ 300

FABACEAE ................................. 262

fairy bells ..................................... 614

fairy-candelabra .......................... 340

fairy slipper ................................. 621

false-agoseris ............................... 174

false buffalograss ........................ 566

false bugbane .............................. 365

false dandelion ............................ 121

false flax ...................................... 203

false hellebore ............................. 617

false melic ................................... 583

false mermaid ............................. 285

false Solomon’s seal .................... 615

fanweed ....................................... 220

felwort ......................................... 239

fernleaf ........................................ 429

ferns ............................................... 31

fescue ........................................... 552

FESTUCA ................................... 552

fiddleneck ...................................... 65

Figwort Family ........................... 417

figwort ......................................... 436

filago ............................................ 159

FILAGO ....................................... 159

filaree .......................................... 240

fir ................................................... 47

fireweed ....................................... 295

flatsedge ...................................... 508

flax ............................................... 285

Flax Family ................................. 285

flaxleaf plainsmustard ............... 218

flixweed ....................................... 207

fleabane ............................... 149, 152

FLOERKEA ................................ 285

foamflower ................................... 417

fool’s huckleberry ........................ 228

forget-me-not ........................... 70, 75

Four-O’Clock Family .................. 291

four-o’clock .................................. 291

foxtail ........................... 531, 560, 583

FRAGARIA ................................. 371

FRASERA ................................... 237

frasera ......................................... 237

FRAXINUS ................................. 293

French spinach ........................... 110

fringecup ..................................... 407

FRITILLARIA ............................. 614

fritillary ....................................... 614

Frog’s-bit Family ........................ 590

FUMARIACEAE ......................... 237

Fumitory Family ......................... 237

GAILLARDIA ............................. 159

gaillardia ..................................... 159

GALEOPSIS ................................ 255

GALIUM ...................................... 390

GAULTHERIA ............................ 228

gaura ........................................... 298

GAURA ........................................ 298

gay-feather .................................. 171

gayophytum ................................ 298

GAYOPHYTUM .......................... 298

Gentian Family ........................... 237

gentian ........................................ 238

GENTIANA ................................. 239

GENTIANACEAE ...................... 237

Gentianella .................................. 239

GERANIACEAE ......................... 240

Geranium Family ....................... 240

GERANIUM ................................ 242

geranium ..................................... 242

GEUM ......................................... 371

GILIA .......................................... 309

gilia .............................................. 309

Ginseng Family ............................. 59

glacier lily .................................... 614

GLECOMA .................................. 255

globe-mallow ............................... 289

GLOSSOPETALON .................... 108

globeflower .................................. 365

GLYCERIA .................................. 558

GLYCYRRHIZA .......................... 268

GNAPHALIUM ........................... 161

goat grass .................................... 522

goatsbeard ................................... 188

goatweed ...................................... 252

gold thread .................................. 350

golden aster ................................. 146

golden carpet ............................... 406

golden-pea ................................... 278

goldenrod ..................................... 182

goldenweed .................................. 162

GOODYERA ................................ 622

Gooseberry Family ...................... 243

gooseberry ................................... 243

Goosefoot Family ........................ 108

goosefoot ...................................... 110

grama-grass ................................ 535

grama .......................................... 535

GRAMINEAE .............................. 516

Grape Family .............................. 466

grape fern ...................................... 31

Grass Family ............................... 516

grass of Parnassus ...................... 410

GRATIOLA ................................. 423

greasewood .................................. 110

green-bush ................................... 108

green gentian .............................. 239

GRINDELIA ............................... 161

gromwell ........................................ 71

GROSSULARIACEAE ............... 243

ground cedar ................................. 26

ground ivy ................................... 255

groundsel ..................................... 177

groundsmoke ............................... 298

grouseberry ................................. 234

gumweed ..................................... 161

GUTIERREZIA ........................... 162

GYMNOCARPIUM ....................... 39

GYPSOPHILA .............................. 96

HABENARIA .............................. 624

HACKELIA ................................... 70

hackelia ......................................... 70

hairgrass ..................................... 545

HALORAGACEAE ..................... 248

HAPLOPAPPUS ......................... 162

Harding grass ............................. 569

Harebell Family ............................ 80

harebell ......................................... 80

hawksbeard ................................. 150

hawkweed .................................... 167

hawthorn ..................................... 370

heal-all ......................................... 260

heartweed .................................... 325

Heath Family .............................. 224

heather ................................ 227, 230

hedge-hyssop ............................... 423

hedge nettle ................................. 262

HEDYSARUM ............................ 268

HELENIUM ................................ 165

HELIANTHUS ............................ 165

HEMEROCALLIS ...................... 615

hemlock ................................. 52, 449

Hemp Family ................................ 83

hemp nettle ................................. 255

643

hemp .............................................. 83

henbane ....................................... 442

henbit .......................................... 255

HERACLEUM ............................ 451

HESPERIS .................................. 212

HESPEROCHIRON ................... 249

hesperochiron .............................. 249

HETEROCODON ......................... 82

heterocodon ................................... 82

Heterotheca ................................. 146

HEUCHERA ............................... 406

HIERACIUM .............................. 167

HIEROCHLOE ........................... 560

HIPPURIDACEAE ..................... 248

HIPPURIS ................................... 248

hoary cress .................................. 205

HOLCUS ..................................... 560

holly fern ....................................... 41

hollyhock ..................................... 289

HOLODISCUS ............................ 374

HOLOSTEUM ............................... 96

Honeysuckle Family ..................... 83

honeysuckle ................................... 85

hop ............................................... 291

HORDEUM ................................. 560

horehound ........................... 256, 258

Horned Pondweed Family .......... 637

horned pondweed ........................ 637

Hornwort Family ........................ 108

hornwort ...................................... 108

horse-brush ................................. 187

horsemint ............................ 255, 258

Horsetail family ............................ 28

horsetail ........................................ 28

horseweed .................................... 149

hound’s tongue .............................. 68

huckleberry ................................. 233

HULSEA ..................................... 168

hulsea .......................................... 168

HUMULUS ................................. 291

Hydrangea Family ...................... 248

HYDRANGEACEAE .................. 248

HYDROCHARITACEAE ............ 590

HYDROPHYLLACEAE .............. 249

HYDROPHYLLUM .................... 249

HYOSCYAMUS .......................... 442

HYPERICACEAE ....................... 252

HYPERICUM .............................. 252

HYPOCHAERIS ......................... 169

HYPOPITYS ............................... 226

IBERIS ........................................ 212

IDAHOA ...................................... 212

Idaho strawberry ........................ 390

ILIAMNA .................................... 289

IMPATIENS .................................. 61

Indian-wheat ............................... 306

Indian pipe .................................. 226

IRIDACEAE ................................ 590

iris ................................................ 590

Iris Family .................................. 590

ISATIS ......................................... 212

ISOETACEAE ............................... 24

ISOETES ....................................... 24

IVA .............................................. 169

IVESIA ........................................ 374

ivesia ........................................... 374

Jacob’s ladder .............................. 314

jagged chickweed .......................... 96

Jerusalem artichoke ................... 167

Jerusalem oak ............................. 113

jewelweed ...................................... 61

Jim Hill mustard ........................ 220

jimson weed ................................. 442

jump cactus ................................... 79

JUNCACEAE .............................. 592

JUNCAGINACEAE .................... 603

JUNCUS ..................................... 592

alpinus ..................................... 599

articulatus ............................... 599

balticus var. montanus ........... 595

balticus var. vallicola .............. 595

bufonius ................................... 593

confusus ................................... 593

covillei ...................................... 597

drummondii ............................. 595

effusus ...................................... 595

ensifolius .................................. 599

ensifolius var. montanus ........ 599

filiformis .................................. 595

interior ..................................... 593

longistylis ................................ 597

mertensianus ........................... 597

nevadensis ............................... 599

nodosus .................................... 597

parryi ....................................... 595

regelii ....................................... 597

tenuis ....................................... 593

torreyi ...................................... 599

Junegrass .................................... 562

juniper ........................................... 43

JUNIPERUS ................................. 43

KALMIA ...................................... 228

kinnikinnick ................................ 227

kittentails ............................ 419, 436

knapweed .................................... 143

KNAUTIA ................................... 223

knautia ........................................ 223

knawel ........................................... 99

knotweed ..................................... 320

KOCHIA ...................................... 115

KOELERIA ................................. 562

koeleria ........................................ 562

LABIATAE .................................. 254

Labrador tea ............................... 228

LACTUCA ................................... 169

ladies’ tresses .............................. 628

lady’s slipper ............................... 622

lady fern ........................................ 36

lamb’s quarters ........................... 111

LAMIACEAE .............................. 254

LAMIUM ..................................... 255

LAPPULA ..................................... 71

lapsana ........................................ 171

LAPSANA ................................... 171

larch ............................................... 47

LARIX ............................................ 47

larkspur ....................................... 352

LATHYRUS ................................ 268

laurel ........................................... 228

LEDUM ....................................... 228

LEGUMINOSAE ........................ 262

LEERSIA ..................................... 562

LEMNA ....................................... 603

LEMNACEAE ............................. 603

LENTIBULARIACEAE .............. 285

LEONURUS ................................ 256

leopard lily .................................. 615

LEPIDIUM .................................. 212

LEPTODACTYLON ................... 311

leptodactylon ............................... 311

LESQUERELLA ......................... 215

Lesser Clubmoss Family .............. 26

lesser clubmoss ............................. 28

lettuce .......................................... 169

LEWISIA ..................................... 334

lewisia ......................................... 334

LIATRIS ...................................... 171

licorice-root .......................... 268, 451

licorice ......................................... 268

LIGUSTICUM ............................ 451

LILIACEAE ................................ 605

Lily Family .................................. 605

LIMNANTHACEAE ................... 285

LIMOSELLA ............................... 423

LINACEAE ................................. 285

linanthastrum ............................. 311

LINANTHASTRUM ................... 311

linanthus ..................................... 311

LINANTHUS .............................. 311

LINARIA ..................................... 425

LINNAEA ...................................... 83

LINUM ........................................ 285

lip fern ........................................... 36

listera .......................................... 626

LISTERA ..................................... 626

LITHOPHRAGMA ...................... 407

LITHOSPERMUM ....................... 71

littlebells ..................................... 314

lloydia .......................................... 615

LLOYDIA .................................... 615

LOASACEAE .............................. 286

locoweed .............................. 264, 276

locust ........................................... 278

LOLIUM ...................................... 562

lomatium ..................................... 453

LOMATIUM ................................ 453

LONICERA ................................... 85

loosestrife .................................... 343

Loosestrife Family ...................... 288

LORANTHACEAE ..................... 286

lousewort ..................................... 429

lovegrass ...................................... 552

644

LUETKEA ................................... 374

lupine ........................................... 270

LUPINUS .................................... 270

LUZULA ...................................... 602

LYCHNIS ...................................... 98

LYCIUM ...................................... 443

LYCOPODIACEAE ...................... 24

LYCOPODIUM ............................. 24

LYCOPUS ................................... 256

LYSIMACHIA ............................. 343

LYTHRACEAE ........................... 288

MACHAERANTHERA ............... 171

Madder Family ........................... 390

MADIA ........................................ 171

madwort ........................................ 66

maidenhair fern ............................ 35

male fern ....................................... 38

Mallow Family ............................ 288

mallow ......................................... 289

MALVA ........................................ 289

MALVACEAE ............................. 288

mannagrass ................................. 558

Maple Family ................................ 53

maple ............................................. 53

Mare’s tail Family ...................... 248

mare’s tail ................................... 248

marijuana ...................................... 83

mariposa ...................................... 609

MARRUBIUM ............................. 258

marsh-elder ................................. 169

marshmarigold ............................ 348

MARSILEA ................................... 31

MARSILEACEAE ......................... 31

MATRICARIA ............................. 172

matricaria ................................... 172

matrimony vine ........................... 443

may-weed .................................... 172

mayweed ...................................... 126

Meadowfoam Family .................. 285

meadowrue .................................. 363

medic ........................................... 274

MEDICAGO ................................ 274

MELAMPYRUM ......................... 425

melic ............................................ 564

MELICA ...................................... 564

MELILOTUS .............................. 274

MENTHA .................................... 258

MENTZELIA ............................... 286

MENYANTHACEAE .................. 289

MENYANTHES .......................... 289

menziesia .................................... 228

MENZIESIA ................................ 228

MERTENSIA ................................ 73

MICROSERIS ............................. 172

microseris .................................... 172

microsteris ................................... 311

MICROSTERIS ........................... 311

milfoil .......................................... 120

milkspurge .................................. 237

milk-thistle .................................. 185

milkvetch ..................................... 264

Milkweed Family .......................... 61

milkweed ....................................... 61

millet ........................................... 567

MIMULUS .................................. 425

miner’s candle ............................... 66

miner’s lettuce ............................ 335

Mint Family ................................ 254

mint ............................................. 258

MIRABILIS ................................. 291

Mistletoe Family ......................... 286

mist maiden ................................ 252

MITELLA .................................... 408

mitrewort .................................... 408

mock cypress ............................... 115

mockorange ................................. 248

MONARDA ................................. 258

monarda ...................................... 258

Moneses ....................................... 233

monkey flower ............................. 425

monkshood .................................. 345

MONOLEPIS .............................. 115

MONOTROPA ............................ 226

montia ......................................... 335

MONTIA ...................................... 335

moonwort ....................................... 33

MORACEAE ............................... 291

Morning glory Family ................. 190

morning glory .............................. 190

moss campion .............................. 102

motherwort .................................. 256

mountain heather ....................... 227

mountain sorrel .......................... 318

mountain ash .............................. 387

mountain avens .......................... 371

mountain box .............................. 108

mountain heath .......................... 230

mountain lover ............................ 108

mountain mahogany ................... 370

mountain spray ........................... 374

mouse-tail .................................... 352

mudwort ...................................... 423

MUHLENBERGIA ..................... 564

muhly .......................................... 564

Mulberry Family ......................... 291

mule’s-ears .................................. 188

mullein ........................................ 437

MUNROA .................................... 566

munroa ........................................ 566

musineon ..................................... 454

MUSINEON ................................ 454

Mustard Family .......................... 174

mustard ....................................... 202

mutton-grass ............................... 577

MYOSOTIS ................................... 75

MYOSURUS ............................... 352

MYRIOPHYLLUM ..................... 248

myrtle boxwood ........................... 108

NAJADACEAE ............................. 13

needle-and-thread ....................... 587

needlegrass ................................. 587

NEMOPHILA .............................. 249

nemophila .................................... 249

NEPETA ...................................... 258

Nettle Family .............................. 459

nettle ........................................... 459

Nightshade Family ..................... 442

nightshade ................................... 443

ninebark ...................................... 376

nipplewort ................................... 171

NUPHAR ..................................... 291

NYCTAGINACEAE .................... 291

NYMPHAEACEAE ..................... 291

oak fern ......................................... 39

oatgrass ............................... 543, 589

oats .............................................. 532

ocean-spray ................................. 374

OENOTHERA ............................. 300

old man’s whiskers ..................... 373

OLEACEAE ................................ 293

Oleaster Family .......................... 223

ONAGRACEAE .......................... 293

onion ............................................ 606

oniongrass ................................... 564

ONOBRYCHIS ............................ 274

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE ................. 31

OPUNTIA ...................................... 79

orache .......................................... 110

orchard-grass .............................. 543

Orchid Family ............................. 621

ORCHIDACEAE ......................... 621

Oregon grape ................................. 61

Oregon sunshine ......................... 159

OROBANCHACEAE .................. 301

OROBANCHE ............................. 301

OROGENIA ................................. 456

ORTHOCARPUS ........................ 427

ORYZOPSIS ................................ 566

OSMORHIZA .............................. 456

owl clover ..................................... 427

OXALIDACEAE .......................... 303

OXALIS ....................................... 303

Oxalis Family .............................. 303

oxeye daisy .................................. 146

OXYRIA ....................................... 318

OXYTROPIS ............................... 276

PACHISTIMA ............................. 108

paintbrush ................................... 420

panic grass .................................. 567

PANICUM ................................... 567

pansy ........................................... 466

PAPAVER ................................... 305

PAPAVERACEAE ...................... 305

PARNASSIA ............................... 410

parrot’s beak ............................... 429

Parsley Family ............................ 445

parsnip ........................................ 457

PARTHENOCISSUS .................. 466

partridge-foot .............................. 374

pasqueflower ............................... 345

PASTINACA ............................... 457

pathfinder ................................... 121

645

Pea Family .................................. 262

pea tree ........................................ 267

pear .............................................. 384

pearlwort ....................................... 98

pearly everlasting ....................... 122

peavine ........................................ 268

PEDICULARIS ........................... 429

pennycress ................................... 220

penstemon ................................... 431

PENSTEMON ............................. 431

pepper grass ................................ 212

peppermint .................................. 258

Pepperwort Family ....................... 31

pepperwort .................................... 31

PERIDERIDIA ............................ 457

PETASITES ................................ 174

PETROPHYTUM ........................ 374

PHACELIA ................................. 249

phacelia ....................................... 249

PHALARIS .................................. 567

PHILADELPHUS ....................... 248

PHLEUM .................................... 569

Phlox Family ............................... 308

phlox ............................................ 311

PHLOX ........................................ 311

PHRAGMITES ............................ 569

PHYLLODOCE ........................... 230

PHYSARIA .................................. 215

PHYSOCARPUS ......................... 376

PHYSOSTEGIA .......................... 260

PICEA ........................................... 49

pigweed .................................. 55, 110

PINACEAE ................................... 45

Pine Family ................................... 45

pine ................................................ 49

pineapple-weed ........................... 172

pinedrops ..................................... 227

pinegrass ..................................... 541

pinesap ........................................ 226

Pink Family .................................. 88

pink ................................................ 96

PINUS ........................................... 49

pipsissewa ................................... 227

PLAGIOBOTHRYS ...................... 79

plainsmustard ............................. 218

PLANTAGINACEAE .................. 305

PLANTAGO ................................ 305

Plantain Family .......................... 305

plantain ....................................... 305

plectritis ...................................... 459

PLECTRITIS ............................... 459

plum ............................................. 381

POA ............................................. 571

alpina ....................................... 576

annua ....................................... 572

bulbosa ..................................... 574

canbyi ....................................... 576

compressa ................................ 572

cusickii ..................................... 574

cusickii var. epilis ................... 574

fendleriana .............................. 577

gracillima ................................. 576

grayana .................................... 579

incurva ..................................... 577

interior ..................................... 577

juncifolia .................................. 576

leptocoma ................................. 579

leptocoma var. paucispicula ... 579

lettermannii ............................. 579

nervosa ..................................... 576

nevadensis ............................... 576

palustris ................................... 574

pattersonii ............................... 579

pratensis .................................. 572

reflexa ...................................... 579

rupicola .................................... 579

sandbergii (syn. secunda) ....... 574

scabrella (canbyi) .................... 577

stenantha ................................. 577

trivialis .................................... 574

POACEAE ................................... 516

podfern .......................................... 35

poison ivy ...................................... 57

poison hemlock ............................ 449

POLEMONIACEAE ................... 308

polemonium ................................. 314

POLEMONIUM .......................... 314

POLYGONACEAE ..................... 316

POLYGONUM ............................ 320

achoreum ................................. 321

amphibium (natans) ................ 325

aviculare .................................. 321

bistortoides .............................. 327

coccineum ................................ 325

confertiflorum .......................... 327

convolvulus .............................. 327

douglasii .................................. 323

erectum .................................... 323

hydropiper ............................... 323

hydropiperoides ....................... 323

kelloggii ................................... 325

lapathifolium ........................... 325

majus ....................................... 323

minimum ................................. 323

persicaria ................................. 325

phytolaccaefolium ................... 327

punctatum ............................... 325

ramosissimum ......................... 323

sachalinense ............................ 329

sawatchense ............................ 323

viviparum ................................ 327

watsonii ................................... 327

POLYPODIACEAE ....................... 33

POLYPODIUM ............................. 39

polypody ........................................ 39

polypogon .................................... 581

POLYPOGON ............................. 581

POLYSTICHUM ........................... 39

pond lily ....................................... 293

Pondweed Family ....................... 628

pondweed ..................................... 628

popcorn flower ............................... 79

poplar .......................................... 393

Poppy Family .............................. 305

poppy ........................................... 305

POPULUS ................................... 393

PORTULACA .............................. 338

PORTULACACEAE ................... 334

POTAMOGETON ....................... 628

POTAMOGETONACEAE .......... 628

POTENTILLA ............................. 376

anserina ................................... 381

argentea ................................... 379

arguta ...................................... 376

biennis ..................................... 376

concinna v. divisa .................... 381

concinna v. macounii ............... 381

diversifolia ............................... 381

diversifolia v. perdissecta ....... 381

flabellifolia ............................... 381

fruticosa ................................... 377

glandulosa v. intermedia ........ 381

glandulos v. pseudorupestris .. 381

gracilis (vars.) .......................... 377

hippiana ................................... 379

norvegica .................................. 377

palustris ................................... 379

pensylvanica ............................ 379

recta ......................................... 379

rivalis ....................................... 379

poverty-weed ............................... 169

povertyweed ................................ 115

prairie star .................................. 407

PRENANTHES ........................... 174

prickly phlox ............................... 311

prickly pear ................................... 79

Primrose Family ......................... 340

primrose ...................................... 343

PRIMULA ................................... 343

PRIMULACEAE ......................... 340

prince’s feathers ............................ 56

prince’s pine ................................ 227

PRUNELLA ................................ 260

PRUNUS ..................................... 381

PSEUDOTSUGA .......................... 51

PTERIDIUM ................................. 41

PTEROSPORA ............................ 227

PUCCINELLIA ........................... 581

puccoon .......................................... 71

purple mustard ........................... 205

PURSHIA .................................... 384

Purslane Family ......................... 334

purslane ...................................... 338

pussy-toes .................................... 122

pussypaws ................................... 338

PYROLA ...................................... 230

pyrola ........................................... 230

PYRUS ........................................ 384

quackgrass .................................. 525

Queen Anne’s lace ....................... 451

queencup ..................................... 612

Quillwort Family .......................... 24

quillwort ........................................ 24

646

rabbitberry .................................. 224

rabbit’s-foot grass ....................... 581

rabbit-brush ................................ 146

radish .......................................... 216

ragged robbin .............................. 293

ragweed ....................................... 122

RANUNCULACEAE .................. 343

RANUNCULUS .......................... 354

abortivus .................................. 358

acriformis ................................. 358

acris .......................................... 358

alismaefolius var.alismellus .. 361

alismaefolius var. davisii ........ 361

aquatilis ................................... 355

cymbalaria ............................... 357

eschscholtzii ............................ 361

flabellaris ................................. 357

flammula ................................. 357

glaberrimus ............................. 355

gmelinii .................................... 357

inamoenus ............................... 361

longirostris .............................. 355

macounii .................................. 358

natans ...................................... 358

orthorynchus ........................... 361

pensylvanicus .......................... 361

populago ................................... 361

pygmaeus ................................. 363

repens ...................................... 363

sceleratus ................................. 357

subrigidus ................................ 357

testiculatus .............................. 363

uncinatus ................................. 358

RAPHANUS ................................ 216

raspberry ..................................... 385

RATIBIDA ................................... 175

rattle-grass .................................. 536

rattlesnake fern ............................ 33

rattlesnake plantain ................... 622

rattlesnake-root .......................... 174

red orache .................................... 110

redroot amaranth ......................... 56

redtop .......................................... 527

reed .............................................. 569

reedgrass ..................................... 539

rein orchid ................................... 624

RHAMNACEAE .......................... 365

RHAMNUS ................................. 365

rhododendron .............................. 233

RHODODENDRON .................... 233

RHUS ............................................ 57

RIBES .......................................... 243

ricegrass ...................................... 566

ROBINIA ..................................... 278

rock-brake ..................................... 38

rockcress ...................................... 196

rock-jasmine ................................ 340

rockmat ....................................... 374

rockstar ....................................... 407

ROMANZOFFIA ......................... 252

RORIPPA .................................... 216

ROSA ........................................... 384

ROSACEAE ................................ 367

Rose Family ................................ 367

rose .............................................. 384

roseroot ........................................ 194

ROTALA ...................................... 288

Rowan tree .................................. 389

RUBIACEAE ............................... 390

RUBUS ........................................ 385

RUDBECKIA .............................. 175

RUMEX ....................................... 329

Rush Family ................................ 592

rush ............................................. 592

Russian olive ............................... 224

Russian thistle ............................ 115

rye ................................................ 583

ryegrass ............................... 549, 562

sage .............................................. 260

sagebrush .................................... 131

sageweed ..................................... 134

sagewort ...................................... 131

SAGINA ........................................ 98

SAGITTARIA .............................. 468

sainfoin ........................................ 274

SALICACEAE ............................. 393

SALIX .......................................... 395

salsify .......................................... 188

SALSOLA .................................... 115

saltbush ....................................... 110

saltgrass ...................................... 549

SALVIA ....................................... 260

SAMBUCUS .................................. 86

Sandalwood Family .................... 404

sand spurry ................................. 105

sandweed ..................................... 200

sandwort ........................................ 90

SANGUISORBA ......................... 387

sanicle .......................................... 457

SANICULA ................................. 457

SANTALACEAE ......................... 404

SAPONARIA ................................. 99

sarsaparilla ................................... 60

saskatoon .................................... 369

SATUREJA ................................. 260

saussurea .................................... 175

SAUSSUREA .............................. 175

savory .......................................... 260

sawwort ....................................... 175

SAXIFRAGA ............................... 412

SAXIFRAGACEAE ..................... 404

Saxifrage Family ........................ 404

saxifrage ...................................... 412

scalepod ....................................... 212

SCHEUCHZERIA ....................... 635

SCHEUCHZERIACEAE ............ 635

SCHIZACHNE ............................ 583

SCHOENOCRAMBE .................. 218

SCIRPUS ..................................... 514

SCLERANTHUS ........................... 99

scorpionweed ............................... 249

scouring-rush ................................ 29

scratchgrass ................................ 566

SCROPHULARIA ....................... 436

SCROPHULARIACEAE ............ 417

SCUTELLARIA .......................... 260

sea blite ....................................... 115

SECALE ...................................... 583

Sedge Family .............................. 468

sedge ............................................ 468

SEDUM ....................................... 192

sego lily ........................................ 609

SELAGINELLA ............................ 28

SELAGINELLACEAE .................. 26

self-heal ....................................... 260

SENECIO .................................... 177

serviceberry ................................. 369

SETARIA ..................................... 583

shepherd’s purse ......................... 203

SHEPHERDIA ............................ 224

shield fern ..................................... 38

shooting star ............................... 341

SIBBALDIA ................................ 387

sibbaldia ...................................... 387

SILENE ......................................... 99

silene ........................................... 101

silverberry ................................... 224

silverweed ................................... 381

SISYMBRIUM ............................ 220

SISYRINCHIUM ........................ 592

SITANION .................................. 583

SIUM ........................................... 459

skullcap ....................................... 269

sky pilot ....................................... 316

sloughgrass ................................. 535

smartweed ................................... 320

SMELOWSKIA ........................... 220

smelowskia .................................. 220

SMILACINA ............................... 615

snakeroot ..................................... 457

snakeweed ................................... 162

sneezeweed .......................... 165, 327

snowberry ...................................... 86

snowdrops ................................... 456

snowflower .................................. 423

soapberry ..................................... 224

SOLANACEAE ........................... 442

SOLANUM .................................. 443

SOLIDAGO ................................. 182

Solomon’s seal ............................. 615

SONCHUS .................................. 184

SORBUS ...................................... 387

SORGHUM ................................. 385

sorghum ....................................... 385

sorrel ............................................ 329

sow-thistle ................................... 184

sowbane ....................................... 111

SPARGANIACEAE .................... 635

SPARGANIUM ........................... 635

SPARTINA .................................. 583

spatterdock .................................. 293

spearscale .................................... 110

speedwell ..................................... 437

SPERGULA ................................. 102

SPERGULARIA .......................... 105

647

SPHAERALCEA ......................... 289

SPHENOPHOLIS ....................... 585

spike rush .................................... 510

SPIRAEA ..................................... 389

spiraea ......................................... 389

SPIRANTHES ............................. 628

SPIRODELA ............................... 605

SPOROBOLUS ........................... 585

SPRAGUEA ................................ 338

springbeauty ............................... 334

spruce ............................................ 49

Spurge Family ............................ 234

spurge .......................................... 234

spurry .................................. 102, 105

squirreltail .................................. 583

St. John’s-wort Family ............... 252

St. John’s-wort ............................ 252

STACHYS ................................... 262

Staff Tree Family ........................ 108

star-thistle ................................... 143

starwort ....................................... 105

steer’s head ................................. 237

STELLARIA ................................ 105

STENANTHIUM ........................ 617

stenanthium ................................ 617

STEPHANOMERIA ................... 185

stickseed .................................. 70, 71

stinging nettle ............................. 459

stinkgrass .................................... 552

STIPA .......................................... 587

Stonecrop Family ........................ 192

stonecrop ..................................... 192

stoneseed ....................................... 71

stork’s-bill .................................... 240

strawberry blite .......................... 113

strawberry ................................... 371

STREPTOPUS ............................ 617

SUAEDA ..................................... 115

sugarbowls .................................. 350

SUKSDORFIA ............................ 416

suksdorfia .................................... 416

Sumac Family ............................... 57

sumac ............................................ 57

Sundew Family ........................... 223

sundew ........................................ 223

sundrops ...................................... 301

Sunflower Family ....................... 115

sunflower ..................................... 164

sweeps’ brush .............................. 602

sweet William ............................... 96

sweet-cicely ................................. 456

sweet clover ................................. 274

sweetgrass ................................... 560

sweetroot ..................................... 456

sweetvetch ................................... 268

swertia ......................................... 240

SWERTIA .................................... 240

sword fern ..................................... 41

SYMPHORICARPOS ................... 86

SYNTHYRIS ............................... 436

syringa ......................................... 248

tamarack ....................................... 47

TANACETUM ............................. 185

tansy mustard ............................. 207

tansy ............................................ 185

TARAXACUM ............................. 185

tare .............................................. 282

tarweed ........................................ 171

tasselflower ................................. 143

TAXACEAE ................................... 53

TAXUS .......................................... 53

Teasel Family .............................. 221

teasel ........................................... 223

TETRADYMIA ............................ 187

THALICTRUM ........................... 363

THERMOPSIS ............................ 278

thimbleberry ............................... 387

thimbleweed ................................ 346

thistle .................................. 143, 147

THLASPI ..................................... 220

three-awn .................................... 532

THUJA .......................................... 45

TIARELLA .................................. 417

tickle-grass .................................. 527

tickseed ........................................ 149

timothy ........................................ 569

toadflax ........................................ 425

tobacco-root ................................. 461

tofieldia ....................................... 617

TOFIELDIA ................................ 617

toothcup ....................................... 288

Touch-me-not Family ................... 61

touch-me-not ................................. 61

tower mustard ............................. 199

TOWNSENDIA ........................... 188

townsendia .................................. 188

TRAGOPOGON .......................... 188

TRAUTVETTERIA ..................... 365

treacle mustard ........................... 211

TRIFOLIUM ............................... 278

TRIGLOCHIN ............................. 603

trillium ........................................ 617

TRILLIUM .................................. 617

TRIODANIS .................................. 82

TRISETUM ................................. 589

trisetum ....................................... 589

TRITICUM .................................. 590

TROLLIUS .................................. 365

TSUGA .......................................... 51

tumblemustard ........................... 220

tumbleweed ................................... 55

turkey-peas ................................. 456

twayblade .................................... 626

twinberry ....................................... 85

twinflower ..................................... 83

twinpod ........................................ 215

twisted-stalk ............................... 617

TYPHA ........................................ 637

TYPHACEAE .............................. 637

ULMACEAE ............................... 445

ULMUS ....................................... 445

UMBELLIFERAE ....................... 445

URTICA ....................................... 459

URTICACEAE ............................ 459

UTRICULARIA ........................... 285

VACCARIA ................................. 106

VACCINIUM ............................... 233

Valerian Family .......................... 459

valerian ....................................... 459

VALERIANA ............................... 459

VALERIANACEAE .................... 459

vanilla grass ................................ 560

velvet-grass ................................. 560

Venus’-looking-glass ..................... 82

VERATRUM ............................... 617

VERBASCUM ............................. 437

VERBENA ................................... 461

verbena ........................................ 461

VERBENACEAE ........................ 461

VERONICA ................................. 437

Vervain Family ........................... 461

vervain ......................................... 461

vetch ............................................ 282

viburnum ....................................... 88

VIBURNUM .................................. 88

VICIA .......................................... 282

VIOLA ......................................... 463

VIOLACEAE ............................... 463

Violet Family .............................. 463

violet ............................................ 463

viper’s bugloss ............................... 79

virgin’s-bower .............................. 350

Virginia creeper .......................... 466

VITACEAE .................................. 466

Vulpia octoflora ........................... 555

wakerobin .................................... 617

WALDSTEINIA .......................... 390

waldsteinia .................................. 390

wallpepper ................................... 194

wallflower .................................... 211

wapato ......................................... 468

water-buttercup .......... 355, 357, 358

watercress ........................... 216, 218

water hemlock ............................. 449

water horehound ......................... 256

waterleaf ..................................... 249

Waterleaf Family ........................ 249

water lentil .................................. 605

Water lily Family ........................ 291

water lily ............................. 291, 293

water meal .................................. 605

water milfoil ................................ 248

Water milfoil Family .................. 248

Water Nymph Family ................... 13

water parsnip ...................... 447, 459

Water plantain Family ............... 466

water plantain ............................ 466

water-shield ................................ 291

water starwort .............................. 79

Water starwort Family ................. 79

waterweed ................................... 590

wayfaring-tree ............................... 88

wedgegrass .................................. 585

648

western redcedar .......................... 45

wheat ........................................... 590

wheatgrass .................................. 522

white-top ..................................... 205

whitlow-grass .............................. 207

whortleberry ............................... 234

wild cucumber ............................. 221

wild ginger .................................... 61

wild hyacinth .............................. 609

wildrye ......................................... 549

Willow Family ............................. 393

willow weed ......................... 295, 325

willow-herb .................................. 295

willow .......................................... 395

windflower ................................... 345

wintercress .................................. 200

wintergreen ......................... 228, 230

wire-lettuce ................................. 185

witchgrass ................................... 567

WOLFFIA .................................... 605

wood fern ....................................... 38

Wood-sorrel Family .................... 303

wood-sorrel .................................. 303

woodnymph ................................. 233

woodreed ..................................... 543

woodrush ..................................... 602

woodsia .......................................... 43

WOODSIA ..................................... 43

wool grass .................................... 516

woolly-weed ................................. 168

wormwood ................................... 131

woundwort .................................. 262

WYETHIA ................................... 188

XANTHIUM ................................ 188

XEROPHYLLUM ........................ 619

yampah ........................................ 457

yarrow ......................................... 120

yellow bells .................................. 614

yellow rocket ............................... 202

yellowcress .................................. 216

yellowthread ............................... 350

yerba buena ................................. 260

Yew Family ................................... 53

yew ................................................. 53

ZANNICHELLIA ........................ 637

ZANNICHELLIACEAE .............. 637

Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana—identification

guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-277. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p.

This comprehensive guidebook provides keys, illustrations, and descriptions that aid

identification of the 1,600+ species and varieties of vascular plants growing in west-central

Montana.  The area covered encompasses Ravalli County and southern Missoula County,

and it includes the Bitterroot National Forest and portions of the Lolo National Forest.  This

guidebook uses a minimum of technical terminology and is intended for use by the public

as well as by scientists, foresters, and educators.  It may also serve as a model for

compilation of similar information in other regions.

KEYWORDS:  natural vegetation, introduced plants, Northern Rocky Mountains, flora,

botany, taxonomy

The Intermountain Research Station provides scientific knowledge and technology to im-

prove management, protection, and use of the forests and rangelands of the Intermountain

West.  Research is designed to meet the needs of National Forest managers, Federal and

State agencies, industry, academic institutions, public and private organizations, and individu-

als.  Results of research are made available through publications, symposia, workshops,

training sessions, and personal contacts.

The Intermountain Research Station territory includes Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and

western Wyoming.  Eighty-five percent of the lands in the Station area, about 231 million

acres, are classified as forest or rangeland.  They include grasslands, deserts, shrublands,

alpine areas, and forests.  They provide fiber for forest industries, minerals and fossil fuels for

energy and industrial development, water for domestic and industrial consumption, forage for

livestock and wildlife, and recreation opportunities for millions of visitors.

Several Station units conduct research in additional western States, or have missions that

are national or international in scope.

Station laboratories are located in:

Boise, Idaho

Bozeman, Montana (in cooperation with Montana State University)

Logan, Utah (in cooperation with Utah State University)

Missoula, Montana (in cooperation with the University of Montana)

Moscow, Idaho (in cooperation with the University of Idaho)

Ogden, Utah

Provo, Utah (in cooperation with Brigham Young University)

Reno, Nevada (in cooperation with the University of Nevada)

USDA policy prohibits discrimination because of race, color, national origin, sex, age, reli-

gion, or handicapping condition.  Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated

against in any USDA-related activity should immediately contact the Secretary of Agriculture,

Washington, DC 20250.