Final Assessment Questions on “The Art of Oratory and Speech Culture” Card – 1 The Art of Oratory in the East: Kaykovus

Card –5

1. 
   Classical period of Oratory: Cicero. The Roman orators developed and modified the Greek techniques of public speaking. Markus Tulliuos Cicero was considered to be one of the significant rhetoricians of all time. Cicero is most famous in the field of communication for creating what we call the Five Canons of Rhetoric, a five-step process for developing a persuasive speech that we still use to teach public speaking today. Invention is the formulation of arguments based on logos–rational appeal or logic. Arrangement is ordering a speech in the most effective manner for a particular audience. Expression or style means “fitting the proper language to the invented matter” to enhance the enjoyment, and thus acceptability of the argument, by an audience (Cicero, trans. 21). Memory, a vital skill in the Classical Period is less of a requirement in today’s public speaking contexts because we now largely believe that memorized speeches often sound too scripted and stale. Notes, cue cards, and teleprompters are all devices that allow speakers to deliver speeches without committing them to memory. Finally, Delivery is the use of nonverbal behaviors such as eye contact, gestures, and tone of voice during a presentation.
   

2. Persuasive Devices: Alliteration, Rule of three, emotive language ( card-2)


3. Public speaking with impact for leaders (card 3)
Card –6

1. 
   Classical period of Oratory: Aristotle
   

Aristotle (384-322 BCE) is the most famous Greek Scholar. Aristotle studied in Plato's Academy where he later taught public speaking until Plato's death in 347 BCE. During this time, he opened his own school of politics, science, philosophy, and rhetoric. A picture of a statue of Aristotle located at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Aristotle: This statue resides at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Aristotle defined rhetoric as the "faculty of discovering the possible means of persuasion in reference to any subject whatever." Aristotle divided the "means of persuasion" into three parts, or three artistic proofs, necessary to persuade others: logical reason (logos), human character (ethos), and emotional appeal (pathos).