Final Assessment Questions on “Theoretical phonetics” Card-1 Connection of Phonetics with Other Sciences

2.Grammar story. Grammar is the system and structure of a language. The rules of grammar help us decide the order we put words in and which form of a word to use. When you're talking about grammar, it's useful to know some basic terms. In Europe the Greeks were the first to write grammars. To them, grammar was a tool that could be used in the study of Greek literature; hence their focus on the literary language. The Alexandrians of the 1st century BC further developed Greek grammar in order to preserve the purity of the language.The Romans adopted the grammatical system of the Greeks and applied it to Latin.In medieval Europe, education was conducted in Latin, and Latin grammar became the foundation of the liberal arts curriculum. Many grammars were composed for students during this time. Aelfric, the abbot of Eynsham (11th century), who wrote the first Latin grammar in Anglo-Saxon, proposed that this work serve as an introduction to English grammar as well. Thus began the tradition of analyzing English grammar according to a Latin model.
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1.The origin and present-day status of phonostylistics
The branch of linguistics, which focuses on the study of styles, is called stylistics. The word stylistics was first registered in English dictionaries in 1882. It meant 'the science of literary style; the study of stylistic features'.Modern stylistics was elaborated at the end of the 19^th century - the beginning of the 20^th century. It has inherited much from ancient rhetoric, the art of public speaking and writing that appeared in the 5^th century BC. Rhetoric dealt with the choice of words in sentences and their detailed or-ganization(elocutio). Modern stylistics is reconsidering, from a different perspective, the problems that formerly constituted the object of rhetoric.Stylistics further splits into a number of interrelated disciplines that in-vestigate style from different angles. The subject-matter of phonetic styli-stics(or phonostylistics) is versatile and not clearly determined. It studies variation in the use of sounds of a language, its phonetic expressive invent­ory, as well as typical prosodic features of different types of discourses and registers. Phonostylistic processes are language-specific. The same function is served by various means across languages, but also within a language.Some new ideas and developments have been born (or at least grow very fast) in the last decades: face, politeness, accommodation and proto­types. Some research areas have expanded enormously: sex differences of all kinds, stylistic variables, and relationship between language and thought