Final control questions on the subject “heat engineering” The purpose and function of the subject. Working parameter. Status parameters. Base words and phrases
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Base words and phrases: ideal, real, Dalton, methods of giving, thermodynamic indicators 1.Mixture of gases Assume that all components of a mixture of gases have the same temperature and the same volume. If we consider that each component of a mixture of gases, like all mixtures, obeys the equation of state of an ideal gas, then the pressures of individual components in the mixture obey Dalton's law: according to this law, the pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of individual components equal to: 1 2 i 1 ...... aral n n aral i р р р р yani р р (3.1) where p 1 , p 2 , ..., pn are the partial pressures of the mixture components. 2. Methods of expressing the composition of the mixture If a mixture of mass m consists of n components, then the mass fractions ofsomecomponents in the mixture are equal to: m m q m m q m m n n ;..... ; q 2 2 1 1 (3.2) where m 1 , m 2 , ..., mn are the masses of certain components forming the mixture. It is known that the sum of the masses of some components in a mixture of gases is equal to the mass of the entire mixture: m 1 +m 2 +….+m n =m (3.3) This equation is called the mass composition equation of the gas mixture. As can be seen from equations (3.2) and (3.3), the sum of the mass fractions of some components in the gas mixture is equal to : q 1 +q 2 +….+q n =1 (3.4) If the volume of the mixture consisting of n components is V, then the volume fractions of the components in the mixture are determined by the following equations: ; ; 2 2 1 1 V V r V V r V V r n n (3.5) here; V1, V2....Vn are the partial volumes of the components included in the mixture. The volume of the component included in the mixture at the temperature and pressure of this mixture is called its partial volume. The equation of the volume composition of the mixture is as follows. V 1 +V 2 +V 3 +…..+V n =V (3.6) The sum of the volume fractions of the components in the mixture of gases is equal to one: r 1 +r 2 +r 3 +….+r n =1 (3.7) Let the mixture consist of n1 moles of the first component, n2 moles of the second component, and so on.Number of mixed mols: n=n 1 +n 2 +….+n n (3.8) and the mole fractions of the components are determined by the following expression: x 1 =n 1 /n; x 2 =n 2 /n;…. x n =n n /n, (3.9) from this x 1 +x 2 +…+x n =1 or n i i x 1 1 . (3.10) There are the following relationships between mass and volume fractions. g 1 i i i i i i i r r V V m m (3.11) According to Avagadro's law and 8314 i i J mR m R kmol К q i =r i m i /m=r i R/R i (3.12) r i =q i m/m i =q i R i /R (3.13) Density of the mixture: i i r (3.14) The relative volume of the mixture: ) / ( / 1 i i r (3.15) Gas constant: ) / ( / 1 i i R r R (3.16) Apparent Molecular Mass: i i M r R / 8314 (3.17) 6. Internal energy. The work of the system. Download 1.46 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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