We determine the heat capacity of the polytropic process from the formula (7.12):
)
1
/(
)
(
n
k
n
c
c
v
(7.13)
Equation (7.13) allows to determine the heat capacity of the process for any value of
n. If we put the value of n for the processes considered above into the equation (7.13),
then it is possible to determine the heat capacities of these processes:
in isochoric process n=+
, c=cv ;
in isobaric process n=0, c=kcv=sp;
in isothermal process n=1, c=+
;
in adiabatic process n=k, c=0;
(7.18)
Enthalpy change in a polytropic process:
)
(
1
2
1
2
t
t
c
h
h
p
(7.19)
In the Ts-diagram (Fig. 7.2), the polytropic process is represented by different
curves depending on the value of n.
In an adiabatic process, heat is neither supplied nor removed. Heat is produced
in isothermal (n=1), isobaric (n=0) expansion processes and isochoric process (n=
).
So, in expansion processes (k>n>
) above adiabata and compression processes
with
>n>k, heat is brought to the working body.
Heat is removed from the working body during
expansion processes with
>n>k and compression processes with
The heat capacity is negative in processes between adiabatic and isotherm, because
in these processes dq and du have different signs.
Since du=cv from dT, the sign of du depends on dT (du>0; dT>0 and du<0, dT<0).
In
that case, it can be seen from the heat capacity expression (s=dq/T)
that its sign is
really negative. The essence of this is that in such processes, when heat is supplied to
the
working body,
its temperature decreases,
and when heat is removed, its
temperature increases.
17. Water vapor.
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