Final Evaporation Control in reservoirs
Download 1.3 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
evaporation-control-in-reservoirs
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 7.1.1 Irrigation Development Division, Mumbai
7.0
CASE STUDIES OF EVAPORATION RETARDATION– MEASURES IN INDIA 7.1 Chemical Water Evaporation Retarders (WER) Experiments using various chemical Water Evapo Retardants (WER) were in practice all over the world from the year 1957 onwards. A review of these studies shows a variation of percentage of savings in evaporation loss from as low as 8% for a long duration study to as high as 64% for short duration period (Table 7.1). In India also, many leading research stations and State Govt. agencies were engaged in conducting laboratory and field experiments in controlling evaporation from water bodies. The agencies which have contributed significantly in experimentation of evaporation control and the salient features of the work carried out by them are enumerated in the following paragraphs and also abstracted in Table 7.13 7.1.1 Irrigation Development Division, Mumbai This Division is one of the first few premier organizations in India to carry out investigations during end of 1957 with Cetyl alcohol. The experiments were carried out in Kasurdi Tank (capacity 0.42 MCM) and Bhandgaon Tank (capacity 0.32 MCM) both situated near Pune. Cetyl alcohol was used for evaporation suppression studies and was dispensed on water surface in a powder form by a hand-operated duster, mounted on a boat. A quantity of 0.91 kg of Cetyl alcohol was spread in four rows in each of the two tanks covering the entire area of the tanks. The following data were collected during the field experiments: i) water level of the tank ii) inflow into the tank iii) outflow by way of seepage and for irrigation iv) evaporation with and without Cetyl alcohol from pan evaporimeter of 3m dia kept by the side of the tank and v) wind velocity, air and water temperature in different periods of the day. The saving in water due to the application of Cetyl alcohol was found as 30% in Bhandgaon Tank and 14% in Kasurdi Tank. 40 TABLE 7.1 : Evaporation retardation work carried out in foreign countries SI. No Location Organisation Duration of the work Chemical used % Saving in evaporation Reference/ Publication Basis for results 1. Lake Hefner, Oklahoma City, USA Reported by NEERI, Nagpur 1958 (Summer) Hexadecanol (emulsion form) 9 Evaporation control as a measure of conservation of water by S.R. Kshirsagar, presented at the 15th Annual convention of IWWA. Results computed on the basis of energy balance approach combined with mass transfer theory. 2. Field trials in . 274 cm diameter outdoor steel tanks, USA. ASCE, USA March 63 Alkanol 30 Stable Alkanol Dispersion to reduce evaporation by Gary W. Frasier et al, Jrnl. of Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE, March, 1968. Tank data (1% alkanol concentration) 3. — do— — do— March 64 (7 days) — do— 64 — do— — do— 4. —do— — do— Sep. 66 (30 days) Alkanol dispersion 26 —do— — do— (3% alkanol concentration) 5. —do— — do— Feb. 67 (7 days) — do— 28 — do— Tank data (1% alkanol concentration) 6. —do— ASCE, USA March 67 (10 days) —do- 27 --do— —do— 41 7. — do— — do— March 67 (10 days) Powdered alkanol 15 —do- —do— 8. Boulder Basin in Lake Mead, USA USBE Denver, USA June to Sept. (4 months) year not known Ethoxylated Alcohols and Linear Alcohols. 8-20 Evaluation by the bureau of Reclamation's Evaporation Reduction Research Program by Darid C. Bomberger & Paul V. Roberts, A revision of final report - March 1970 Revised October 1980. Wind speeds used in the calculation exceeded 9 MPH in 50% of the time. 9. —do- —do- All year application —do— 18-41 —do- Wind speeds exceeded 15 MPH in 70% of the time. |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling