Фонетики со смежными науками: акустикой, анатомией, физиологией, психологией

Pre-head	Head	Nucleus
Tail
Then	\,don’t ′make so much	\fuss	about it.

The head part can take a variety of pitch patterns. Variation within the prе-nucleus does not usually affect the grammatical meaning of the utterance, though it often conveys meanings associated with attitude or phonetic styles. There are three common types of head paterns: a descending type in which the pitch gradually descends to the nucleus (often in "steps" with the stressed syllables and intevening unstressed ones forming a descending sequence); an ascending type in which the syllables form an ascending sequence and a level type when all the syllables stay more or less on the same level.

Descending heads:

• 
  Stepping. The syllables move down by steps. In the Descending Stepping Head unstressed or partially stressed syllables are pronounced on the same note as the preceding step.
  
• 
  Falling. The stressed syllables are also moving down by steps but intervening unstressed syllables fall down too, continuing the descending direction.
  
• 
  Scandent. Unstressed or partially stressed syllables move up and are pronounced igher than the stressed syllables.
  
• 
  Sliding. The voice moves down by slideswithin stressed syllables; unstressed or partially stressed syllables between the slides ususally continue the fall.
  
• 
  Broken. Stepping or Falling Descending Heads may be broken by the so-called “accidental (special) rise”.
  

Ascending heads:

• 
  Rising. The voice moves up by steps and the intervening unstressed or partially stressed syllables continue the rise.
  
• 
  Climbing. The voice moves up by slides and unstressed or partially stressed syllables glide up, too.
  

Level heads.

• 
  High Level Head. All of the syllables are pronounced on a high level.
  
• 
  Medium. ----on the medium level of the pitch.
  
• 
  Low. ---- on th elow pitch level.
  

Two more pitch parameters which can considerably modify the pitch contour of the pitch-and-stres structure are pitch ranges and pitch levels. Three pitch ranges are generally distinguished: normal, wide, and narrow; and its variations occur within the normal range of the human voice, within its upper and lower limits. Pitch levels may be high, medium, and low.
The pitch range of the whole intonation unit is the interval between the highest-pitched and the lowest-pitched syllables.

n ormal	w ide	narrow