Foreign languages

REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND INNOVATIONS
TASHKENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTE


DEPARTMENT OF "FOREIGN LANGUAGES"


SELF STUDY 18


Completed: SST-52 group student E.Saletdinova


Tashkent-2023


SELF STUDY 18

1. 
   Who is the most innovative person you can think of? What makes them so innovative? What qualities do they have ? Explain your answer with examples.
   

Stephen Paul Jobs: The Apple That Changed the World

Black turtleneck, blue Levi's jeans, thin-rimmed round glasses - this is how we remember Steve Jobs, one of the founders of Apple. He passed away at the age of 56, at the peak of his career, when iPhones and iPads had already won the love of users around the world. Only the lazy did not discuss the history of his illness and death, and not everyone knows what Jobs' life was like. So who is this amazing person who has always considered the idea more important than profit, but at the same time managed to build one of the most successful corporations of our time?

Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco. His real mother and father abandoned him at birth, but the boy was lucky - he ended up in a foster family. His parents were Paul and Clara Jobs, ordinary people with average incomes.
When Jobs was five years old, his family moved to Mountain View, California. There he spent his childhood and youth. At school, Steve was interested in electronics, attended a science club sponsored by Hewlett-Packard. The guy showed brilliant results, and soon the president of HP invited him to work during the summer holidays. It was there that Jobs met Steve Wozniak, his future colleague at Apple.
In 1972, Jobs entered college, but dropped out after the first semester. But student life did not bypass him: for a whole year and a half, Steve lived in the hostel of the university in the rooms of friends, and instead of lectures, he attended special courses in calligraphy.
In 1974, Jobs returned to California and joined Atari as a technician. The company produced computer games, but this area did not captivate Steve for a long time - a few months later he left his job and flew to India in search of peace of mind.
Returning in early 1975, Jobs tried his luck again at Atari - and was hired again. Together with Steve Wozniak, who was still working at Hewlett-Packard, he began attending the so-called "Home Computer Club". It was there that the presentation of the Apple I computer, assembled on the basis of the developments of Stephen Wozniak and Bill Fernandez, took place. The inventors worked on their machine for several years, and when the "cream soda" computer, as they themselves called it, fired, Jobs knew it was time to put things on stream.
On April 1, 1976 - and this is no joke - friends founded Apple Computer Co. The roles were distributed as follows: Wozniak was engaged in development, and Jobs was looking for customers, selected employees and purchased materials necessary for work.
The already mentioned Apple I computer, although it sold 600 copies, did not bring much fame to the company. But the second machine - Apple II - really shot: the company of Jobs and Wozniak instantly became one of the key participants in the personal computer market. By 1980, the company had grown so much that it turned into a joint-stock company, and Steve himself became chairman of the board of directors. True, not for long: by 1985, the company's internal problems led to its organization and the subsequent resignation of Jobs.
But the entrepreneur did not give up, and together with five former employees, he founded the NeXT company, which took up software development. And in 1986, Steve acquired another company specializing in computer animation. The small company later evolved into the legendary Pixar. Under the direction of Jobs, the studio produced cartoons such as Monsters, Inc. and Toy Story.
At the end of 1996, Apple unexpectedly returned to its founder. There would be no luck, but misfortune helped: the company was going through difficult times and, in search of a new successful strategy, decided to acquire NeXT. Steve Jobs was made an adviser to the chairman of directors, and later - an interim chief executive of Apple.
To save the company from bankruptcy, Jobs decided to close several unprofitable projects. And it was under his leadership that iMac was developed - the first "apple" PC, which immediately lifted the company to an unattainable height.
In 2000, 24 years after founding, Jobs became CEO of his own company. Under his leadership, Apple brought the iPod, iPhone and iPad to the market - products that became overnight hits in the gadget market.
Steve Jobs was not just a businessman - he became a kind of hero of the generation. In 2007, Fortune magazine named him the best entrepreneur. In 2010, the Financial Times awarded the founder of Apple the title of "Person of the Year". And at the end of 2011, he was posthumously honored with an honorary GRAMMY award for creating products and technologies that have changed the way we consume music, books and films.
Then, in 2011, the first official biography of Steve Jobs was published. The businessman actively participated in its creation, and during his lifetime he gave the author more than forty interviews, and also introduced him to his family. The book became an instant bestseller.