Grammar and Language Workbook

14. Galileo used a telescope to study the moon and Venus; it was (he, him) who first saw the four
large moons of Jupiter.
15. Johannes Kepler discovered that orbits are not circular; rather, (they, them) are elliptical.
16. Isaac Newton found that visible light is made up of separate bands and that (they, their)
different colors make up the spectrum.
17. Newton worked out the laws of gravity, the force that keeps (you, your), (me, mine), and all of
(we, us) tied to Earth.
18. Newton also invented calculus; some of (we, us) wish he had invented something else!
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176 
Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 12
Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Grammar

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Lesson 54
Pronouns with and as Appositives; After Than and As
An 
appositive 
is a noun or pronoun that is placed next to another noun or pronoun in
order to identify or give additional information about it.
Use the 
nominative case
for a pronoun that is in apposition to a subject or a predicate
nominative.
The team captains, Maria and I, will schedule practice. (
Captains is the subject.)
The shortstops were two sisters, Cora and she. (Sisters is the predicate nominative.)
Use the 
objective case
for a pronoun that is in apposition to a direct object, an indirect
object, or an object of a preposition.
The judge sentenced the offenders, the thief and him. (Offenders is a direct object.)
We gave the cats, Rocky and her, some tidbits. (Cats is the indirect object.)
The senator spoke to both opponents, him and me. (Opponents is the object of the
preposition 
to.)
When a pronoun is followed by an appositive, choose the case of the pronoun that would
be correct if the appositive were omitted.
We climbers will beat you to the top of the mountain. (We is correct because we is the
subject of the sentence.)
Don’t be so arrogant to us hikers. (Us is correct because us is the object of the
preposition to.)
In elliptical adverb clauses using than and as, choose the case of the pronoun that you
would use if the missing words were fully expressed.
I am always awake earlier than she. (Read: I am always awake earlier than she is awake.)
Your words hurt her as much as me. (Read: Your words hurt her as much as they hurt me.)
 Exercise 1