Grammar and Language Workbook

Participial phrases, defined, 7, 87, 93
comma after, 42, 255
Participles
as adjectives, 7, 42, 87, 93, 255
as verbs, 3–4, 37, 87, 131, 133
Passed, past, 13, 224
Passive voice, 4, 145, 325
in writing, 145, 325
Past form, verbs, 3–4, 131, 133
Past perfect tense, 3, 137, 139
Past tense, 3, 135, 139
Past, passed, 13, 224
Periods, rules, 14, 243
Personal letters, 19–20, 335, 337
invitations, 20, 335
thank-you notes, 20, 335
Personal pronouns, defined, 2, 51,
175
agreement, 8, 29–34, 167, 183,
185, 187, 189
antecedent, 3, 9, 32–34, 51, 185,
187, 189
cases, 2, 8–9, 51, 175
first person, 2, 51
list, 2, 51, 175
nominative, 2, 8–9, 175, 177
objective, 2, 9, 175, 177
possessive, 2, 9, 51, 175
second person, 2, 51
third person, 2, 51
Phrases, defined, 6–7, 85, 87–91, 93
diagraming, 121
See also Absolute phrases,
Appositive phrases, Gerund
phrases, Infinitive phrases,
Participial phrases, Prepositional
phrases, Verbal phrases
Plural nouns, 2, 18, 47, 183, 299
Plurals, spelling of, 16–18, 277,
299

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Index
347
Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Positive degree (form), modifiers,
9–10, 61, 195, 197
Possessive apostrophes, 16, 40–41,
277
Possessive pronouns, 2, 9, 41, 51,
61, 175, 277
Possessive nouns, 2, 16, 41, 47, 61,
277
Precede, proceed, 13, 224
Predicate adjective, 6, 82
Predicate nominative, defined, 6, 8,
82
Predicates
complete, 6, 74
compound, 6, 75
simple, 6, 73
Prefixes, 16–17, 295, 297
and hyphens, 16, 279, 297
Prepositional phrases, defined, 6,
65, 85
as adjectives, 85
as adverbs, 85
commas with, 255
object of the preposition, 6, 65,
85
recognizing, practice in, 65–66,
85–86
subject-verb agreement, 26, 155
Prepositions, defined, 5, 65
compound, 5, 65
list, 5, 65
objects of, 6, 65, 85
recognizing, practice in, 65–66
Present perfect tense, 3, 137, 139
Present tense, 3, 135, 139
Presentation, of writing, 18, 321
market, 321
Prewriting, 18, 307
audience, 18, 307
freewriting, 18, 307
practice, 307–310
purpose, 18, 307
topic, 18, 307
Principal parts of verbs, 3–4, 131,
133
Proceed, precede, 13, 224
Progressive verbs, defined, 4, 141 
Pronouns, defined, 2, 51, 175
after than and as, 9, 177
agreement with, 8, 29–34, 183,
185, 187, 189
antecedents of, 3, 9, 30–34, 51,
183, 185, 187, 189
as appositives, 6, 90, 177
cases of, 2, 8–9, 51, 175
demonstrative, 2, 54
gender of, 9, 183, 185
incorrect shifts, 34, 185
indefinite, 2, 29, 54, 167, 187
intensive, 2, 52, 179
interrogative, 2, 9, 53, 181
personal, 2, 51, 175
possessive, 2, 9, 41, 51, 61, 175,
277
reflexive, 2, 9, 52, 179
relative, 2, 53, 103
who, whom, 9, 13, 181, 225
Proofreading, 319
Proper adjectives, 5, 61
capitalization of, 14, 237
Proper nouns, 2, 49, 235
Punctuation rules. See specific
types.
Purpose, prewriting, 18, 307
Q
Question marks, 14, 243
and quotation marks, 16, 273
Quotation marks, 15–16, 271, 273
with colons or semicolons, 16,
245, 273
with commas or periods, 16, 271,
273
with definitions, 273
in direct quotations, 15, 271
in indirect quotations, 235, 271
with question marks or
exclamation points, 273
within a quotation, 15, 271
with titles of short works, 15,
273
with unusual expressions, 15,
273
Quotations, capitalizing, 13, 233
R
Raise, rise, 13, 224
Reason is because, avoiding, 13,
224
Reflexive pronouns, 2, 9, 52, 179
Regardless, not irregardless, 12, 222
Regular verbs, principal parts, 3–4,
131
Relative pronouns, 2, 53, 103
list, 53, 103
Respectfully, respectively, 13, 225
Résumés, 20, 341–342
Revising, 18, 315, 333
coherence, 315, 333
meaning, 315
unity, 315, 333
Rise, raise, 13, 224
Roots of words, 17, 293
Run-on sentences, defined, 24–25,
113, 263
S
Said, says, 13, 225
Scarcely, in double negatives, 11,
220
Semiblock form of letters, 19, 339
Semicolons, 14–15, 16, 99, 247
to correct run-on sentences,
24–25, 113, 247, 263
Sentence fragments, 22–23, 111
Sentence outlines, 19
Sentence structure
complex, 7, 101
compound, 7, 99
compound-complex, 7, 101
simple, 7, 99
Sentences, effective, 145, 325
active voice, 145, 325
interruption, 325
parallelism, 325
passive voice, 145, 325
unusual patterns, 325
varied length, 18, 325
varied structure, 18, 325
Sentences, kinds of
declarative, 8, 109
exclamatory, 8, 109
imperative, 8, 109
interrogative, 8, 109
Sentences, inverted, 6, 8, 26–27, 77,
159
Sentences, run-on, 24–25, 113, 263
Series
commas in, 15, 44, 251
colon before, 14, 245
Set, sit, 13, 225
Should of, avoiding, 12, 220
Simple predicates, defined, 6, 73
Simple sentences, defined, 7, 99
Simple subjects, defined, 5, 73
Singular nouns, 2, 47, 183
Sit, set, 13, 225
Spatial order, 18, 327
Spelling
adding -ly and -ness, 18, 297
doubling the final consonant, 18,
297
forming compound words, 18,
299
of -cede, -ceed, and -sede, 17,
299
of ie and ei, 17, 299

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348 
Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 12
Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
of plural nouns, 16–18, 277, 299
with prefixes, 16, 297
with suffixes, 17–18, 297
of unstressed vowels, 17, 299
Style or voice, 311
Subject complements, 6, 82
predicate nominatives, 6, 82
predicate adjectives, 6, 82
Subject-verb agreement, 8, 26–29,
153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165,
167, 169
and adjective clauses, 8, 169
and collective nouns, 27, 161
and compound subjects, 8,
28–29, 163
and indefinite pronouns, 8, 29,
167
and intervening expressions, 8,
29, 165
and prepositional phrases, 8, 26,
155
in inverted sentences, 8, 26–27,
77, 159
and linking verbs, 8, 26, 157
and predicate nominatives, 8, 26,
157
and special subjects, 8, 161
with titles, 8
Subjects
agreement of verb with, 8, 26–29,
153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163,
165, 167, 169
complete, 6, 74
compound, 5, 75, 163
gerunds and infinitives as, 89, 91
noun clauses as, 107
simple, 5, 73
Subjunctive mood, verbs, 4, 147
Subordinate (dependent) clauses, 7,
42, 97, 101, 103, 105, 107, 181,
257 
Subordinating conjunctions, 5, 67, 97
list, 67, 97
Suffixes, 17–18, 295, 297
Superlative degree (form), 9–10, 61,
195, 197
T
Take, bring, 11, 220
Teach, learn, 12, 223
Tenses, defined, 3, 35–37, 135, 137,
139
compatibility, 35, 143
distinguishing, 36–37, 139
future, 3, 135, 139
future perfect, 3, 137, 139
past, 3, 135, 139
past perfect, 3, 137, 139
present, 3, 135, 139
present perfect, 3, 137, 139
shifts in, avoiding, 35, 143
Than, then, 13, 225
That there, this here, avoiding, 13,
225
Theme, writing, 18, 311
Then, than, 13, 225
Thesis statement, writing, 18, 311
This here, that there, avoiding, 13,
225
This kind, these kinds, 12, 223
Topic outlines, 19, 323
Topic, prewriting, 18, 307
Topic sentences, 311, 333
Transitive verbs, defined, 3, 55