Hamkorlik masalalari” mavzusidagi Xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy konferensiya materiallari

Conclusion 
Turks have used more than ten alphabets in history. However, the longest lasting one among 
them was the Arabic alphabet. Although this alphabet has some drawbacks, X-XIX. continued 
through the centuries. Soviet Russia's takeover of the administration brought great hopes for the 
Turkestan Turks, who suffered greatly from Tsarism. Contrary to Tsarist Russia, they adhered to 
the principle of Nationalities; They wanted to convince the world that they would not interfere 
with their language and social life. However, according to the Soviet administrators, the 
biggest obstacle to the spread of communism in Turkish lands was the Arabic alphabet. 
According to them, the alphabet used by the Turkish people of the world for centuries should be 
changed and a new alphabet should be used. For this purpose, they organized a Turcology 
Congress in Baku, the capital city of Azerbaijan, in 1926, attempting to make a great cultural 
revolution. As a result of the decisions taken here, all Turkish communities living under its 
dominion were transferred to the Latin alphabet. All publications published in the Arabic 
alphabet were confiscated and their use was prohibited.
RESOURCES 
1. Ashirov, T. (2017). Baymirza Hayit, Historian at the Focus of Criticism in Soviet 
Turkmenistan. Baymirza Hayit on the 100th anniversary of his birth, and Proceedings of 
the International Symposium on Studies in the History of Turkestan Today, Istanbul: 
TDBB Publications. 
2. Aydin, O. (2019). “Multilingualism and Language Policies: Language Policies in the 
World and in the Soviet Union in General Lines” Article, Journal of Dialectics and 
Society, Vol. 2 P. 1. 
3. Bardakci, M. (2007). “Kazakhstan's New Alphabet” Habertürk Newspaper, 1 November. 
4. Gunduz, A. (2005). “The Reflections of the 1917 Revolution in the Turkish World”, Gazi 
University Faculty of Education, Vol. 
5. Khojayev, H.S. (1926). My Old Feelings and Thoughts on New Alphabet Ways, Baku: 
Manuscripts Department. 
6. Black, F. (2013). “Disappointment in 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and Turkestan Turks”, 
Journal of Turkic World Studies, p.205. 

---

366 
7. Can, M. (2022). The Effects of Alphabet Changes in Turkish Communities under USSR 
Domination on Turkish Culture, 1. Bs. Ankara: Akçağ Publications. 
8. Saray, M. (1975). The Expansion of the Russians in Turkish Provinces, 1st ed. Istanbul: 
Bogazici Publications. 
9. Saray, M. (1999). History of the New Turkic Republics, Ankara: Turkish Historical 
Society Publications. 
10. Şimşir, B.N. (1991) Turkish Alphabet in Azerbaijan, Ankara: Turkish Historical Society 
Publications. 
11. Şimşir, Bilal N. Turkish Writing Revolution, Ankara: Turkish Historical Society 
Publications, 1992. 
12. Tamir, F. (1999). Ahmet Baytursunoğlu and 1926 Baku Turkology Congress, Ankara: 
Turkish Language Association Publications. 
13. Tasagil, A. (2019) Kök Tengri's Children, 16. Bs. Istanbul: Wise Culture and Art. 
14. Togan, A. Z. V. (1981). (1981) Today's Turkic Turkestan and Recent History, 2nd Bs. 
Istanbul: Enderun Bookstore.Uçar, F. (2007). Turkish Geography Foreign Turks.