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3.2. Baku Turkic Congress (1926) 
When the new alphabet took hold in Azerbaijan, it soon surrounded the Caucasus. The 
Soviet regime developed the idea of spreading this to the Turkish communities living under its 
rule and holding a Turkology congress. For this purpose, a congress was held in Baku, the capital 
of Azerbaijan, between February 26 and March 6. Many members, especially Turks and 
scientists living in the Soviet Union, attended the congress. “The Russians, who insisted that the 
Congress be held in Moscow, agreed to Baku after long negotiations. The program of the 
negotiation consisted of issues such as the improvement of the Turkish languages and the 
transition to the new alphabet.” (Şimşir, 1992:119) 
To hold the congress and bring the new alphabet; Scholars invited from Kazan, 
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey objected. However, the Minister of National Education of 

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Uzbekistan abandoned this idea and stated that they would vote in favor. In this congress, where 
the speaking time was limited and the members could not express their thoughts as they wished, 
the superiority of the Latin alphabet over the Arabic alphabet was accepted. The regime 
established a commission without wasting any time. They will spread the new alphabet to the 
Turks living in the Soviet Union and inform Moscow of the developments. The new alphabet 
was made to be accepted in a short time by various propagandas to the Soviet Types, who were 
in great fear. When it came to 1928, the alphabet changed suddenly in Turkey and took the same 
alphabet with a few letters difference. Thus, an alphabet unity was re-established among the 
Turks. This disturbed Moscow. They blamed it on the "New Alphabet Committee" that this was 
a big mistake. This time, they started to transfer the Turks under their rule to the Cyrillic 
alphabet in 1946. Their job was easier than the first change. Because, in the massacre they called 
the cleaning operation, they eliminated all the scientists who participated in the Baku Turkic 
Congress. 
“Alphabets have been changed for completely different reasons in Turkey and in the 
Turkic republics of Central Asia. It stems from the requirements of the divide-and-conquer 
policy.” (Bardakçı, 2007: 7) "On the other hand, in order to create a common scientific language 
by using Turkish words instead of words foreign to the old common literary language traditions 
in scientific congresses of Turkistani intellectuals, language scholars, and literati, and to create a 
common scientific language by forming Turkish terms, the scientists who opposed it were 
branded as Pan-Turkist and Pan-Turanist. was severely punished. The Russians inserted Russian-
based terminology and technical words into these fragmented dialects.” (Saray, 1975:212-213)