Viking/Norman/Saxon Britain ... - Back down south fast: William ... Harold lost.
Bayeux tapestry - Harold dies Bayeux tapestry - Harold dies Norman Britain ... - William of Normandy became King William I of England.
- 1066-1070+ Normans consolidate: castles
- Many Anglo-Saxon revolts
- North in particular revolted: Norman repression.
- William gave land to Norman nobles: many different estates spread across the country
- Feudal system developed
Norman invasion and Anglo-Saxon resistance - Domesday book (1086)
- Norman French spoken in the court, Anglo-Saxon among the people.
- Effect on language ...
- William died in 1087; his son William II, known as Rufus because of his red hair, became King.
Norman England - Rufus killed in hunting accident (??) in 1100
- Henry I (1100-1135)
- Henry modernised English administration
- He married a Scottish princess, Matilda (peace with Scotland for a while)
- 1120 Henry's son died in a shipwreck.
- Henry's daughter, Matilda designated as his heir.
Norman England - 1125 Matilda married Geoffrey Plantagenet
- Henry died 1135, his nephew Stephen seized the throne.
- Matilda invaded from Normandy: civil war
- King Stephen died: Matilda's son Henry king in 1154. His wife: Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- Henry II ruled over England, Wales, Normandy, Britanny, Maine, Anjou and Aquitaine. First Plantagenet (Angevin) king.
Plantagenet (Angevin) England - Henry II set up system of trial by jury (12 men)
- He challenged immunity for the clergy: came into conflict with the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket
- In a moment of temper Henry asked "Will no-one rid me of this turbulent priest?"
Plantagenet (Angevin) England - Four knights decided to do Henry's will and murdered the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, in the cathedral, in December 1170.
- Also in 1170 Henry II agreed to Norman moves to control Ireland. Essentially only controlled area around Dublin, the "Pale" (see expression "beyond the Pale")
Plantagenet (Angevin) England - Henry also had to resist attacks against Northumbia from Scotland. Captured Scottish king and made him accept superiority of English king.
- Henry's military activity was expensive: he needed money.
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