Horticulture, fruit growing

Horticulture, fruit growing
- 1) an important branch of agriculture that grows fruit, grapes and berries. It serves to meet the needs of the population for fruits and fruit products, and fruit raw materials for the industry. Sof B. (growing of apples, pears, apricots, cherries and others) and nursery (growing of fruit tree seedlings in nurseries) are divided into branches. More than 200 types of fruits, berries and nuts are grown in world horticulture, of which 100 are of industrial importance. Apples, olives, Phoenician palms, bananas, mangoes, vines are among the most widely planted fruits. B. Developed in China, USA, India, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, Spain, France, Italy. The first information about B. in Central Asia can be found in Greek, Chinese, and Roman sources of the middle of the 1st millennium BC. Central Asia is the homeland of many types of fruits. Over the centuries, on the basis of folk selection, very fruitful varieties of apricots, apples, pears, walnuts, almonds, pomegranates, vines and others have been created. Many of them have their unrepeatable place in the world collection in terms of quality. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were approximately 50,000 hectares of gardens, including 22,000 hectares of orchards and 37,000 hectares of vineyards in the territory of present-day Uzbekistan. The main areas of orchards corresponded to Fargona valley (24%), Tashkent oasis (36%) and Zarafshan valley (50% of vineyards). In the orchards, grain fruits occupied 70% (mainly apricots), seed fruits (apples, pears, quinces) occupied 25% of the area. Local varieties of fruits, vines, and various flowers were planted in individual orchards and orchards (orchards, vineyards, orchards and parks) in the suburbs of cities and villages. Cultivated fruits were consumed fresh, but piquing and raisining were the main priority. From the second half of the 1920s, specialized fruit-growing and vine-growing farms began to be established, and collective farms located in the mountain and foothills zones also paid great attention to this industry. In order to improve the variety composition of fruits, apple, pear, grape and other varieties grown in European countries were planted. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, agrocombinates with 2,500-3,000 hectares of orchards and vineyards were established.

20 types of fruits and berries are grown in the republic. Fruit trees with seeds (apples, pears, quinces, etc.), stone fruit trees (apricots, peaches, plums, cherries, cherries, plums, etc.), subtropical plants (pomegranates, figs), nuts (walnuts, pistachios, almonds), Berries (strawberries, raspberries, currants, gooseberries) take the main place. Summer, autumn and winter varieties of apples, pears and vines have important economic value. Viticulture has developed since ancient times in Tashkent, Samarkand regions, Fergana valley, it has the directions of raisin and canned products (molasses, jam, juices) and winemaking. Unique varieties of fruit and raisin are made in Uzbekistan. Fruits such as lemons, oranges, tangerines, unobi, oriental dates, pecans brought to the republic from tropical and subtropical regions are being planted in more and more fields. In Andijan, Namangan, Surkhondarya, and Tashkent regions, greenhouse lemon groves have been established in many farms. The area of such greenhouses in the republic is more than 427 ha (2001). The Republic of Karakalpakstan due to the reduction of cotton fields since the 90s; Many gardens and vineyards were established in Khorezm, Bukhara, Syrdarya and Jizzakh regions. There are more than 100 specialized B. farms in the republic. The total area of orchards in the republic reached 320,000 ha (199,000 ha of orchards, 120,000 ha of vineyards), gross fruit and grape harvest exceeded 833,000 tons (1999). Regionalized varieties of fruit adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of each region and district are planted. 2) B. as a science, studies the structure, growth, development, reproduction and yielding laws of fruit trees, as well as their relationship with the external environment, develops advanced agrotechnical methods to ensure that they grow in different natural environments and produce good yields. B. is directly related to biol., physical and chemical properties of soil, plant physiology, agrochemistry and general farming, and all methods of B. agrotechnics are based on these sciences. The Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking named after Academician R.R. Schroeder and the Institute of Plant Science of Uzbekistan have a great role in the development of B. in Uzbekistan. In the following years, more than 200 fruitful varieties of fruits, berries and vines were created, brought from other countries, adapted and recommended for planting.

The work of the republican retail industry is also based on a scientific basis and is centralized. "Mevasharbat" corporation named after R. R. Schroeder and its branches and farms in the regions for sale to farms and gardeners, entrepreneurs 10-1 annually