Hydrology as a science

THE ARAL SEA PROBLEM
The first President Islam Karimov, in his book "Uzbekistan on the threshold of the XXI century: pays special attention to the tragedy of the Aral Sea, a threat to security, conditions of stability and guarantees of development", he states: "the drying up of the sea is a dangerous, extremely acute problem, arguably a national catastrophe. The Aral Sea crisis is one of the greatest environmental and humanitarian tragedies in human history. About 35 million people living in the sea basin have been affected by it. We are witnessing the disappearance of one of the largest indoor water bodies in the world in 20-25 years. But in the eyes of a generation, the death of an entire sea had never happened before. " Indeed, the natural hydrological regime of most lakes on Earth is undergoing drastic changes under the influence of human economic activity, i.e. anthropogenic factors.
The Aral Sea is located in the lowest part of Central Asia at the confluence of the Karakum, Kyzylkum, Ustyurt, Big Borsik, Little Borsik deserts. Until the 1960s, it was the largest surface area in Central Asia and the fourth largest in the world after the Caspian Sea, Upper Lake in North America, and Lake Victoria in Africa. Continuous monitoring of the Aral Sea water regime has been carried out since 1911. During the 50-year period from that year to 1961, the absolute altitude of the average perennial sea level was 53.04 meters.

“Тасдиқлайман “ Кафедра мудири: Ф.Р. Бегов «07»«03» 2022 йил.

Card 10

1. 
   Speak about yourself (hobbies, family). (10 point)
   
2. 
   Speak about your University. (15 point)
   
3. 
   Read and translate the text about your specialty. (15 point)
   

RESERVOIRS
It is known that the amount of water in rivers varies from season to season throughout the year and from year to year. In the conditions of our country, during the seasons when the demand for water in agriculture increases, the water in many rivers and streams decreases sharply, and in some cases completely dries up. In such conditions, it is necessary to control the flow regime of rivers and streams in order to use them fully and efficiently. This problem will be solved by building artificial lakes-reservoirs on the rivers.
Construction of reservoirs is especially necessary in arid and agriculturally irrigated areas such as our country. In addition to providing water to crops, most reservoirs will be used for hydropower, fisheries development, large industrial enterprises and urban water supply.
Many reservoirs have been built on the globe. The largest reservoir in the world is the Owen Fols (Victoria) Reservoir, built on the Victoria-Nile River, located in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda. Its water capacity is 205 km3 (including Lake Victoria) and is designed to control the flow of the Nile River year after year. Russia’s Reservoirs such as Bratsk (Angara River), Krasnoyarsk (Yenisei River), Kuibyshev (Volga), and Bukhtarma (Irtysh) in Kazakhstan are the largest reservoirs not only in these countries, but also on the entire Eurasian continent.