I chapter. Name (the noun) as part of speech

CONCLUSION

Thus, for each part of speech, including the noun, it is possible to single out the word-formation paradigm peculiar only to it. The following criteria exist for distinguishing a noun from a typological point of view: 1) semantic criterion - assigning a given word to a broad conceptual category; 2) morphological criterion - the presence of materially expressed morphological categories; 3) syntactic criterion is the function of a given word in the speech chain; 4) the compatibility criterion is the ability of the words of the daytime part of speech to combine with the words of other parts of speech; 5) word-formation criterion - the ability of words of a given part of speech to form new words of a certain type.

The category of numbers in English is more limited than in Russian.
The category of the grammatical gender — male, female, middle — was not once inherent in the nouns of the Old English period. However, the historical development of the morphological structure of the English language led to the fact that the category of the grammatical gender was significantly modified. Thus, a genus is such a morphological category that in different languages ​​and even in the same language at different stages of its development in its own way characterizes the same objects and phenomena.
Unlike Russian, in English there are only two cases - nominative and possessive.
In a sentence, a noun can perform functions: the subject, the nominal part of the predicate, additions, definitions, circumstances.
It should also be noted that discrepancies in the structure of the Russian and English languages ​​present great difficulties for translation. These difficulties range in a rather wide range: from individual untranslatable elements to the entire source text. Most often, when translating the names of significant translators, they use such a technique as replacement. Nouns in translation can be transformed into adjectives, participles, verbs.
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All terms and keywords are given on the spot during the lecture. The literature used in the lecture will be given at the end of the lecture.